NR 222 UNIT 1 COURSE NOTES

NR 222 UNIT 1 NOTES

Nursing - protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response; and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations

Florence Nightingale – nurses are in charge of health by putting the body in a state free from disease and recover from disease ----She realized the connection between sanitation and disease.

Evidence-Based Practice (20th Century)- Use of current evidence (scientific) to make the best decisions on care ----STERILE PRACTICES – Hand-washing.

Advanced Practice Nursing Roles (20th Century) – An RN with additional advanced education (Master’s) ex: Clinical Nurse Specialist, Nurse Practitioner – writes prescriptions and diagnoses, Certified Nurse Midwife – pregnant woman and post-partum, and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist – administers anesthesia.

21st Century Nursing – Societal needs, Aging Population, Nursing shortage, Emerging infections/antibiotic resistance, disaster management, technology advancement (telemedicine- video medical assessment), earlier discharges, Affordable Care Act, and increased incidence of chronic and long-term diseases.

Roles of the Nurse

                     1) Advocate – Makes sure interests of the persons are fulfilled ---- MIDDLEMAN

                     2) Care Manager – Does not interact with patient directly

                     3) Educator – Teaching formal or informal to patients, fam, and other support systems

                     3) Consultant – An educator that has a specialty---- EXPERT (ex: Diabetic Nurse)

                     4) Deliver of Service – A nurse that administers HANDS ON CARE such as a school nurse

                     5)Healer – A nurse provides improved health or strategies to help client achieve overall health ----- use of holistic practices but it is every subjective

                     6) Researcher – A nurse that finds clinical issues and finds the solution --- EVIDENCE -BASED PRACTICES

Chamberlain Care (An environment that promotes health and wellness)

                                1. Care for SELF – Increasing emphasis on self 

                  2. Care for PEERS - Communication and civility & Incivility and bullying behaviors 

                                3. Care for Clients - Promoting self‐care

Health – Current Status of health with the POTENTIAL to improve in the 6 vases of Health: Physical, Mental, Emotional, Spiritual, Social, and Environmental

Wellness – Achieving the optimal level of health in all 6 vases of health.

Illness – a symptom or a manifestation of disease – the effect ex: a cough, a severe headache

Disease – the cause or medical diagnosis ex: UTI, Ebola, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Hypertension.

Wellness-Illness Continuum - depiction of the relationship between the concepts of health and illness. Wellness is a positive state in which incremental increases in health can be made beyond the midpoint------>Increases mean improved physical and mental health states; Decreases mean illness or death

Health Promotion – (Primary Prevention) ---- Use of science and art to help people reach possible optimal health ex: Education

Holism – Providing care to the whole body mind and soul

4 Health Models

1) Health Belief Model – Helps nurses understand the patient’s beliefs and use the info to help them reach wellness

2) Health Promotion Model – focuses on 3 areas 1) patient’s characteristics, 2) behavior-specific knowledge and affect 3) behavior outcomes

3) Basic Human Needs Model – Uses needs to reach the highest potential of health which is self-actualization ----working from the bottom to the top to reach Wellness