ATE 1211 Final Exam Review - Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)

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ATE 1211 Final Exam Review - Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) The P-wave of the ECG represents what cardiac event? atrial depolarization What event is responsible for making first heart so ... und? Closure of the AV valves During ventricular systole, which event occurs first? AV valve closes The wave of systolic pressure which starts at the heart and spreads throughout the arterial network is called: Pulse The pace-maker of heart that initiates impulses in the atria is: SA Node What are the two main factors that affect cardiac output? -heart rate -pulse -stroke volume -both a. and c. are correct A heart murmur refers to what condition? abnormal blood flow Choose the correct electrical conduction pathway for depolarization of the heart: SA node, atria, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinjee fibers, ventricles Mitral valve insufficiency in dogs may lead to: left side CHF What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on heart? decreases the heart rate and coronary blood flow The difficult breathing is termed as: Dyspnea During inspiration: diaphragm contracts, increasing volume of thoracic cavity An increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) of arterial blood reaching respiratory centers in brain causes: increase in respiration rate The respiratory pathway with air except the alveoli is called: anatomical dead space How is the carbon dioxide transported in blood? -7% dissolve in plasma -23% in combination with Hb as carbaminohemoglobin in RBCs -70% combines with water in RBCs to form carbonic acid -All of the above The partial pressure of oxygen is highest in: lung alveoli The volume of air inspired or expired during normal respiration is: tidal volume What happens when the pleural space is opened to atmospheric air, either by surgery or from trauma? The intra-thoracic negative pressure is destroyed and lungs collapse What is the function of the inspiratory center in the medulla? pacemaker function, initiates an inspiration spontaneously The most significant humero-chemical factors in regulating respiration, in order from most important, are: arterial PCO2, [H+], and PO2 Which nutrients are absorbed into the lacteals (intestinal lymph vessels), then go through the cysterna chyle before entering into general circulation? Fats The ingestion of sharp foreign objects like nails and wires in feed causes which disease in cows? hardware disease What does bile salt do in the digestion/absorption of fats? breakdown fats in to smaller droplets (emulsification) Name the largest compartment of ruminant's stomach Rumen Name the substances that are produced after microbial digestion or fermentation in rumen: -volatile fatty acids -methane -carbon dioxide -all of the above Which cells of the stomach secrete the HCl (hydrochloric acid) which keeps stomach pH so low? parietal cells Which organ produces hormones secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK)? Duodenum Name the enzymes produced by pancreas and released in duodenum by pancreatic duct: -amylase -lipase -trypsin -all of the above The digestion and absorption is completed in which part of GI tract in simple stomach herbivorous animals like horses? large intestine Most of the gastric juices are secreted during which phase? gastric phase of secretion Which part of the nephron contains most concentrated filtrate? Loop of Henle The constriction of the efferent arteriole in glomerulus brings what change in filtration pressure? increases BP in glomerulus Angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin I by what means? renin secreted by JG cells Which of the following hormone increases the tubular reabsorption of Na+ (sodium) ions? Aldosterone Which part of the nephron absorbs most of the substances of glomerular filtrate? proximal convoluted tubule How do the most useful diuretics work? either of the above mechanisms are found in most diuretics The term 'cystitis" is best defined as inflammation of the: urinary bladder What effect would a decrease in blood pressure have on the amount of glomerular filtrate formed? decreases GF What effect would an increased osmolarity of the blood have on the amount of glomerular filtrate formed? decreases the GFR What is the effect of ADH on the nephron? water reabsorption in DCT and collecting ducts Reflex or induced ovulation requires what stimulus? stimulation of cervix Which hormone is secreted by maturing follicles? Estrogen At what stage of the estrus cycle the female accepts the male? Estrus Name the hormone responsible to cause ovulation of the mature follicle? LH When is the breeding season in the mare? polyestrus: spring to summer How long is the estrous cycle in cows? 21 days Which of the following animal is spontaneous ovulator? Dog What hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum (CL) of ovary? Progesterone Which hormone from post pituitary, is responsible for the development of follicles on ovary? FSH During estrus: estrogen level is at its peak If fertilization occurs, what would be the fate of corpus luteum on the ovary? corpus luteum stays on the ovary as CL of pregnancy Which animal has the shortest gestation period? Cat Which animals have a cotyledonary type of placental attachment to the uterus? Cows When is the earliest time in gestation to diagnose pregnancy in the dog and cat by abdominal palpation? 3-4 weeks Which hormone is responsible for the development of accessory sex glands, male secondary sex characteristics, and libido in male? Testosterone Which cells of the testicle produce hormone estrogen and are prone to develop tumors? Sertoli cells Interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) or LH causes the production of what hormone in the testicles? Testosterone The partial breakdown of the acrosomal membranes and increase in metabolic rate of sperm, which occurs in the female reproductive tract is called: Capacitation Name the only accessory sex gland present in dog? prostate gland How many spermatozoa are produced from each primary spermatocyte? Four The effect of photoperiod is noticed on reproduction in following animals. horses and ram The maturation and storage of sperms occur in which organ of reproductive tract? Epididymis Which hormone from pituitary gland helps in spermatogenesis? FSH [Show More]

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