RMC 201 Final Exam | Q & A (Complete Solutions)

RMC 201 Final Exam | Q & A (Complete Solutions) From what media and communication research methods cannot and should not be discussed or understood in isolation? (A:) From the theories, which have guided media and com ...

RMC 201 Final Exam | Q & A (Complete Solutions) From what media and communication research methods cannot and should not be discussed or understood in isolation? (A:) From the theories, which have guided media and communication research. (B:) From the models which have guided media and communication research. (C:) From the socio-political concerns which have guided media and communication research. (D: ) All the above Under which main headings does Oliver Boyd-Barrett (2002), groups media and communication research? (A:) Oliver Boyd-Barrett groups media and communication research under the main headings of effects research, cultural studies and political economy. (B:) Oliver Boyd-Barrett groups media and communication research under the main headings of cultural studies and political economy. (C:) Oliver Boyd-Barrett groups media and communication research under the main headings of effects research, cultural studies. (D:) Oliver Boyd-Barrett groups media and communication research under the main headings of effects research, cultural studies and social studies. The key influences on the development of the media and communication research field then can be identified and summarized as _______? (A:) Technological (B:) Disciplinary (C:) Political. (D:) All the above All research must start by _______ (A:) 'asking the right questions', duly informed by existing research, knowledge and theory, and only then consider which method or methods might be most suitable for addressing the issue or problem at hand. (B:) 'asking the right questions', duly informed by existing research and only then consider which method or methods might be most suitable for addressing the issue or problem at hand. (C:) 'asking the right questions', duly informed by existing research, knowledge and theory. (D:) method or methods might be most suitable for addressing the issue or problem at hand. Never should research start by choosing a method before considering _______ (A:) what frameworks to draw on (B:) what research questions to ask and what theoretical frameworks to draw on. (C:) what research questions to ask and what frameworks to draw on. (D:) what research questions to ask. Research is not principally about gathering _______that lends itself to easy collection or analysis, but rather about using/choosing the right methodological tools for addressing 'relevant' questions. (A:) Analysis. (B:) Questions. (C:) data. (D: ) collection (C:) data. How is the opinion of Murdock on the research questions addressed by media and communication research? (A:) Murdock is clear that the research questions addressed by media and communication research must be anchored by their social relevance and historical awareness, and must deal in a social scientific and critical way with questions of power, structure and change in society. (B:) Murdock is clear that the research questions addressed by media and communication research must be anchored by their historical awareness, and must deal in a social scientific and critical way with questions of power, structure and change in society. (C:) Murdock is clear that the research questions addressed by media and communication research must be anchored by their social relevance and historical awareness, and must deal in a social scientific and critical way with questions of power in society. (D: ) Murdock is clear that the research questions addressed by media and communication research must be anchored by their social relevance and historical awareness. Which considerations of relevance of research? (A:) Considerations about the social, political and policy relevance of research. (B:) Considerations about the political relevance of research. (C:) Considerations about the social relevance of research. (D: ) Considerations about the policy relevance of research. What is scholarly research? (A:) Scholarly research is something that people undertake in order to find out things in a systematic way, thereby increasing their knowledge. (B:) Looking for information about something. (C:) Scholarly research is something that people undertake in order to find out things to increase their knowledge. (D: ) Scholarly research is theory based. What is the difference between scholarly and everyday research? (A:) Scholarly research is more systematic, more objective, more careful, and more concerned about correctness and truthfulness than everyday research. (B:) Historians focus on economic, political and social considerations. (C:) Scholarly research is finding out things. (D: ) Scholarly research is theory based. What role do binary oppositions play in the way the mind works? (A:) The human mind, de Saussure (1915/1966) argued, makes sense of the world essentially by forming binary oppositions that establish relationships in various areas, and it is through relationships that we find meaning. (B:) An important role. (C:) A meaning role. (D: ) For comparison. What are the five aspects of communication? (A:) 1. Intrapersonal 2. Interpersonal 3. Small group 4. Organizational 5. Mass media. (B:) 1. Intrapersonal 2. Interaction 3. Small group 4. Organizational 5. Mass media (C:) 1. Intrapersonal 2. Interpersonal 3. Small group 4. Other interested parties 5. Mass media (D: ) 1. Intrapersonal 2. Interpersonal 3. Small group 4. Organizational 5. Television Define media and communication research then as the planned, critical, systematic and transparent investigation into or gathering of _______ about media and/or communication processes. (A:) Icon. (B:) Information. (C:) Interface. (D: ) Interactive. What is relevant - even at this early point - to consider for all researchers? (A:) how a potential topic relates to 'media and communications', why it is interesting to research, etc. (B:) whether it has been researched before (i.e. what other research has addressed this or similar topics), whether the relevant data/information can be accessed and collected, etc. (C:) whether you (the researcher) have the skills and knowledge required (and, if not, what sort of training would be needed). (D: ) All the above Everyday observation can be anything from the personal (what media we use, the media content we consume, how we as individuals _______ with our friends, etc.) to much wider questions about social, political and cultural phenomena in our everyday lives (e.g. what role social media play in political uprisings or in the breakdown of law and order in society). (A:) communicate. (B:) communication. (C:) content (D: ) debate For students as well as researchers of media and communications, the main source of inspiration will most likely be derived from a general surveying of and familiarisation with traditions and _______ in communications theory and research. (A:) trends. (B:) trending. (C:) trade (D: ) content Of what we become aware as we study and learn about particular trends, approaches and theories of media and communications? (A:) As we study and learn about particular trends, approaches and theories of media and communications, we also become aware of what key questions have been addressed in past research (B:) what has attracted research attention and what has not, (C:) and what researchers have said about further research that needs to be done. (D: ) All the above As students of media and communications, we are also - one would assume - generally interested in finding out about and _______ the roles that media and communications processes play in the society, culture and politics around us. (A:) understanding. (B:) understand. (C:) thinking of (D: ) understood The main problem is often one of deciding which type of communications theory, approach or tradition is most suitable for the topic at hand, and indeed of deciding how the issue or topic is best _______ . (A:) researched. (B:) research. (C:) researching (D: ) reach The Steps of the research process are: (A:) Selection of research problem/topic; Review of relevant literature; Statement of research question or hypothesis; Determination of appropriate methodology and research design; Data collection; Analysis and interpretation of data; Presentation/publication; Replication/ further research] - [The start of a new research project] (B:) Selection of research problem/topic; Statement of research question or hypothesis; Determination of appropriate methodology and research design; Data collection; Analysis and interpretation of data; Presentation/publication; [Replication/further research] [The start of a new research project] (C:) Selection of research problem/topic; Review of relevant literature; Statement of research question or hypothesis; Determination of appropriate methodology and research design; Analysis and interpretation of data; Presentation/publication; [Replication/further research] [The start of a new research project] (D: ) Selection of research problem/topic; Review of relevant literature; Statement of research question or hypothesis; Determination of appropriate methodology and research design; Data collection; Analysis and interpretation of data; [Replication/further research] [The start of a new research project] Interrogating relevant research with regard to: (A:) theories drawn on; methods used; type of data collected. (B:) sampling strategy; variables analyzed. (C: ) types of analysis used; conclusions; recommendations . (D:) All the above What is included in determination of appropriate methodology and research design? (A:) - What method(s)? - Population and sample - Research instruments and variables - Research ethics and approval - Piloting (B:) - What method(s)? - Population - Research instruments and variables - Research ethics and approval - Piloting (C:) - What method(s)? - Population and sample - Research instruments - Research ethics and approval - Piloting (D: ) - What method(s)? - Population and sample - Research instruments and variables - Piloting Why Identifying and reviewing the relevant literature is possibly the single most important step in any research? (A:) a.'Because only by gaining a good overview of what has already been researched and published in relation to our chosen topic can we: (a) be sure that the questions we wish to research and find answers to have not already been researched and answered; (B:) b) be sure that we focus our research on questions that are relevant, of interest and indeed researchable; (C: ) (c) be sure that we don't waste time on 'reinventing the wheel', when we can build on research designs, methods and instruments that have already been (successfully) tried and proved to yield data and findings of relevance. (D:) All the above. What is a solution for students who have chosen a fashionable-sounding research topic and they find that they have little or no idea about how to design a research project or that they are unable to find a relevant theoretical framework or any other research/studies relevant to their topic? (A:) identifying and reviewing relevant literature. (B:) considering the most appropriate research design and methodology (C:) attempting to narrow down and focus the research question. (D: ) getting very frustrated What is the difference between scholary and everyday research? (A:) Scholarly research is more systematic, more objective, more careful, and more concerned about correctness and truthfulness than everyday research. (B:) Historians focus on economic, political and social considerations. (C:) Scholarly research is finding out things. (D: ) Scholarly research is theory based. What is the difference between Diachronic and Synchronic Research? (A:) In diachronic or historical studies, we focus on change over time. (B:) In diachronic or historical studies, we focus on change over time, and in synchronic or comparative studies, we study change over distance. (C:) In synchronic or comparative studies, we study change over distance. (D: ) They are the same. What are the two systems that shape our thinking and behavior according to Daniel Kahneman? (answer with two choices) (A:) System 1 (fast) operates automatically and quickly, with little or no effort and no sense of voluntary control. (B:) System 2 (slow) allocates attention to the effortful mental activities that demand it, including complex computations. The operations of System 2 are often associated with the subjective experience of agency, choice, and concentration.. (C:) System 1 (fast) operates automatically and quickly. (D: ) System 2 (slow) allocates attention to the effortful mental activities. Ideas about what to research can come from a broad variety of sources, but probably arise from two main categories:_______. (answer with two choices) (A:) (1) everyday observation, curiosity and inquisitiveness,. (B:) (2) familiarity with scholarly debates, theory and research in a particular field (including general awareness of the kinds of study, research and data collection which get funded in a particular fie. (C:) (1) Production; (2) Consumption.. (D: ) (1) Institutions (2) Content Why is it essential to keep a record or log of all searches? (A:) It is essential to keep a record or log of all searches in order to ensure that this is done systematically and to avoid wasting time (e.g. by inadvertently repeating searches that have already been done).. (B:) It is essential to keep a record or log of all searches in order to avoid wasting time (e.g. by inadvertently repeating searches that have already been done). (C:) It is essential to keep a record or log of all searches in order to ensure that this is done systematically.. (D: ) It is essential to keep a record or log of all searches in order to note literature. What are some of the most important sources of information? (A:) Materials available in the library, in databases, and on the Internet for articles, research reports, journals and books on the subject. (B:) Materials available in the library, and on the Internet for articles, research reports, journals and books on the subject. (C:) Materials available in databases, and on the Internet for articles, research reports, journals and books on the subject. (D: ) Materials available in the library, in databases, and on the Internet. The first step of the literature search and review process is _______ (A:) to familiarize yourself with the search conventions of the individual database or search engine, particularly the conventions that apply when narrowing and refining searches (e.g. by time period, publication, search word combination), how to search for specific strings of terms or how to use Boolean operators ('and', 'or', 'not') and wildcards (e.g. 'scienti*' would find occurrences of words starting with this string, such as scientific, scientist, scientists, scientism).. (B:) to familiarize yourself with the search conventions of the individual database or search engine. Feedback: This is not a correct answer. Please review the lesson on page 81 in the textbook. (C:) to look for the articles on the google. (D: ) to go to Web of Science databases. What is a role of the bibliographic database? (A:) The bibliographic database is key to keeping track of searching.. (B:) The bibliographic database is key to keeping track of what searches (using what search terms) have been performed, when (particularly important if engaging in long-term research where the field may 'move on' at pace even in the course of a few months, and most certainly if the research stretches over more than a year), using what sources or databases, and with what results (i.e. how many references were selected/deemed relevant out of the total number of 'hits' resulting from a search).. (C:) The bibliographic database is key to keeping track of results. (D: ) The bibliographic database is key to keeping track of references. For what is using a bibliographic database essential? (A:) Using a bibliographic database is essential for the process of systematically digesting, processing and reviewing relevant and potentially relevant literature. This should be done by further indexing (e.g. by adding to any keywords that may have already been downloaded with the reference) (B:) Using a bibliographic database is essential for using terms that are directly relevant to the research project at hand and further categorizing (e.g. by creating relevant subject or topic sub-groups within your bibliographic database - which may of course contain references relevant to a number of different projects that you are working on).. (C:) Using a bibliographic database is essential for the process of systematically digesting, processing and reviewing relevant and potentially relevant literature. This should be done by further indexing, using terms that are directly relevant to the research project at hand and further categorizing. (D: ) Using a bibliographic database is essential for the process of systematically digesting, processing and reviewing relevant and potentially relevant literature. This should be done by further indexing (e.g. by adding to any keywords that may have already been downloaded with the reference), using terms that are directly relevant to the research project at hand and further categorizing (e.g. by creating relevant subject or topic sub-groups within your bibliographic database - which may of course contain references relevant to a number of different projects that you are working on). One of the most productive ways of using a bibliographic database is _______ (A:) for summarizing in your own words what the relevance and contribution of the individual reference is to the field of research that you are reviewing. (B:) how it fits thematically, theoretically or methodologically into the field that is being reviewed; (C:) how and to what extent the methods, variables and research instruments used can be built on or deployed in your own research; and, of course, your initial assessment of the quality and contribution of the research. (D: ) All the above. A good literature review should be much more than an annotated study-by-study listing of relevant research; in fact, such a listing would not qualify as a _______at all. (A:) literature review (B:) literature revised (C:) study-by-study listing. (D: ) research. The term 'reviewing the literature' crucially implies notions of comprehensiveness, thoroughness, being _______ and objective (or at least open-minded and non- prejudiced) and critical (in terms of assessing the assumptions, frameworks, methods and contributions of relevant research to the topic at hand). (A:) systematic. (B:) system (C:) systems. (D: ) system test. The key to choosing an _______research methodology is, again, the literature review. (A:) appropriate (B:) appropriately (C:) rappropriated (D: ) approximate One of the key objectives of the literature review is to assess _______ which of these approaches (and associated methods) look most promising, effective and doable. (A:) critically. (B:) critical (C:) critic (D: ) criticize What does a pilot study consist of? (A:) A pilot study consists of simply testing the research instrument on a small sample of cases to see whether the codes or questions can be readily applied without misinterpretation. (B:) A pilot study consists of simply testing the research instrument on a small sample of cases to see whether the codes or questions can be readily applied without misinterpretation, and whether they succeed in capturing the kind of information that will be relevant to answering the research questions.. (C:) A pilot study consists of capturing the kind of information that will be relevant to answering the research questions. (D: ) A pilot study consists of simply testing the research instrument on a small sample of cases. What is the core structure of the research write-up/academic publication? (A:) Introduction Review of literature and framework Method and sample Analysis and results Conclusion References (B:) Introduction Method and sample Analysis and results Conclusion References (C:) Introduction Review of literature and framework Method and sample Analysis and results Conclusion (D: ) Introduction Review of literature and framework Analysis and results Conclusion References About the term Quantity? (A:) The term quantity comes from the Latin word quantitas meaning "How great?" or, for our purpose, "How much?" of "How many?". (B:) When we think of quantitative research in the media and communication, we think of numbers, magnitude, and measurement. (C: ) A and B are correct (D:) None of the above are correct The problem that quantitative researchers often face is that they count only certain things, not everything, and it may be the case that something that cannot be _______of great importance in one's research. (A:) defined (B:) described (C:) qualified (D:) quantified Quantitative researchers are sometimes accused of being too narrow, basing their research on what they can count, _______, and observe and neglecting other matters (A:) measure (B:) ask the right questions (C:) inform by existing research, knowledge and theory. (D:) address the issue or problem at hand. Qualitative researchers are often accused of "reading into" texts things are not there or of have opinions or making_______ that seem old, excessive, or even idiosyncratic. (A:) research questions (B:) interpretations. (C:) frameworks to draw on. (D:) collection The term idios means: (A:) Analysis. (B:) Questions. (C:) private (D:) collection Idiosyncratic interpretations of media and text are: (A:) highly personal and not defensible. (B:) dealing in a social scientific and critical way with questions of power, structure and change in society. (C:) anchoring by their social relevance and historical awareness (D:) addressing by media and communication research Qualitative research______ (A:)Evaluates. (B:) Uses concepts to explicate (C:) Focuses on aesthetics in texts. (D:) All the other are correct. Qualitative research______ (A:) Theoretical. (B:) Interprets (C:) Leads to an evaluation (D:) Interpretation can be attached (E:) All the other are correct Quantitative research ______ (A:) Counts, measures. (B:) Processes data collected. (C:)Focuses on incidences of X in texts. (D:) All the other are correct Quantitative research ______ (A:)Statistical. (B:)Describe, explains, and predicts. (C:) Leads to a hypothesis of theory. (D:) Methodology can be attached (E:) All of the other are correct Under quantitative methodologies, the author A. A. Berger include ______- techniques that lend themselves to statistical manipulations to gain information. (A:) experiments, content analysis. (B:) surveys and questionnaires. (C:) A and B are correct. (D:) None are correct Intrapersonal aspects of communications cover things such as ______. We are communicating with ourselves (A:) Talking to ourselves. (B:) thinking about how we will respond to situations we expect to arise. (C:) writing in a journal or diary (D:) All the above are correct. Interpersonal aspect of communication .... (A:) takes place between ourselves and a relatively small number of people. (B:) includes conversations between two people and conversations with friends at dinner parties (C:) there is interaction among all parties involved (D:) All the above are correct. "Small group" communications: ..... (A:) In small group communication, a person might be teaching a class of talking to a relatively small group of people. (B:) the group is large enough that ordinary interpersonal communication cannot take place. (C:) A and B are correct (D:) None are correct. Organizational aspect of communication.... (A:) deals with how organization communicate to members of the organization. (B:) deals with how organization communicate to other interested parties. (C:) deals with how organization communicate to members of the organization and to other interested parties (D:) None of the above are correct. About mass media- one aspect of communication: _______. (A:) Here we are dealing with radio, television, film (B:) The communication flow from a sender of messages to a large number of receivers of messages. (C:) A great deal of the content of the mass media takes the form of texts- narratives or stories found in radio programs, television programs, films, songs, and music videos. (D:) All the above are correct Different research methods lend themselves to each of five areas of communications (intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group, organizational, mass media). For example, if you are interested in the narratives carried by the mass media, you will use qualitative or interpretative techniques such as semiotics or ideological analysis, but if you are interested in the effects of the media, you will probably use quantitative techniques such as content analysis or surveys. In some cases, you might wish to use a number of techniques at the same time. (A:) True (B:) False There is a logic to learn both methodologies- qualitative and quantitative, for quite often it makes sense to do both a qualitative and a quantitative study research project. (A:) True (B:) False A diversity of techniques allows us to obtain the full array of information we need or want. It's better to have many arrows (that is, research techniques) in one's quiver than just one. (A:) True (B:) False Your report should be well organized, grammatically correct, and well argued. (A:) True (B:)False Why is it useful to keep a journal? (A:) For researchers and writers, journals are invaluable. (B:) The journals are also therapeutic.