PSYCH 255 Exam 2 | Questions with 100% Correct Answers

PSYCH 255 Exam 2 | Questions with 100% Correct Answers The results of family and twin studies suggest that one of the main causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder is/are -a traumatic experience. -genetics. -a brain inj ...

PSYCH 255 Exam 2 | Questions with 100% Correct Answers The results of family and twin studies suggest that one of the main causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder is/are -a traumatic experience. -genetics. -a brain injury that affects the orbitofrontal cortex. -a learned fear of germs. Which of the following individuals is most likely to have hoarding disorder based on the description of symptoms alone? Sheri is a 49-year-old woman who has suffered depression and anxiety. She lives alone and works in a hospital gift shop. She has problems getting organized and has a hard time throwing away business papers, newspapers, and magazines. Her apartment is filled with books, stationery, crafts, plastic packages, cardboard boxes, and all sorts of other things. She has little room to live. Ashamed by the state of her apartment, she has told no one about her behavior and never invites anyone into her apartment. This has gone on for 10 years. Madison is a nine-year-old girl who often pulls out her own hair one hair at a time, and these hair-pulling episodes can last for hours at a time. She is unable to stop pulling out her hair, despite the development of several bald patches on her head. Which of the following impulse-control disorders is Madison most likely to have? Trichotillomania Aliya is overly conscious about a mole on her cheek that she has had since birth. She usually spends several hours during the day before the mirror re-applying make-up on the mole. Even though friends and family reassure her that the mole is barely visible, Aliya wants to have plastic surgery to remove it. Aliya's behavior is most likely to be associated with which of the following disorders? body dysmorphic disorder. Sheila, a 26-year-old single female, who lives with her family, was admitted to an outpatient department of psychiatry. Sheila suffered from childhood sexual abuse when she was nine years old. The abuse lasted for four years. She presented complaints of excessive skin scratching of the fingers, forearms, and upper back for the last three years. However, in the past two years, the picking has been a daily routine, which was associated with emotional stress, followed by a feeling of relief after picking. She had been treated by her general practitioner and dermatologist for approximately two years, although none of the therapies provided a complete clinical result. Eventually, Sheila was diagnosed as having excoriation (skin-picking) disorder. Select the best response regarding the treatment of adjustment disorder. There has been little systematic research regarding the best way to manage individuals with an adjustment disorder. However, AD sufferers with depressive or anxiety symptoms may benefit from treatments usually used for depressive or anxiety disorders. Isabella is a 5-year-old child who was placed with a foster family after years of abuse and neglect. She has adjusted to her foster family, but her foster parents notice that she tends to engage in overly familiar behavior with people she has never even met—like running toward a neighbor that she has never met and jumping into his/her arms. A psychologist might assess whether Isabella has disinhibited social engagement disorder. For the past 12 years, Ryan has suffered from flashbacks in which he relives the horrors of his nine months of active duty while he was deployed in Iraq. While in Iraq, Ryan witnessed and experienced a number of traumatic incidents. He spoke about fellow soldiers who were killed and injured in service and talked about survivor's guilt. One of his most vivid memories involves a convoy that he witnessed being hit by improvised explosive devices. He has flashbacks that occur unexpectedly in the middle of the day, and Ryan is thrown back into the emotional reality of his war experiences. Ryan has found that alcohol provides the only escape that he needs when he feels distressed about the flashbacks. Ryan has developed which disorder? PTSD Sam is a 54-year-old man whose wife died recently. Within the same year, he was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Six months following, he was dismissed from work as a construction worker because he could keep up with demands of the job. He had to sell his house and move to a different city. Sam became socially isolated and lost his appetite. If Sam were to take the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, the score might indicate that he is at risk for developing mental health problems. Which type of attachment is thought to be the result of a caregiver's inconsistent level of response to their child? resistant attachment Audrey was a victim of molestation when she was 18 years old. Her medical evaluation revealed that she possesses two short versions of a gene that regulates the neurotransmitter serotonin. Audrey is at a significantly higher risk of developing PTSD. Lashon was violently attacked in a dark parking lot after work a week ago. Her assaulter took her purse and her car and left her for dead. She is constantly re-experiencing the event through images, dreams, thoughts, and flashbacks. She finds herself avoiding situations that might make her think about the trauma, but she is still so anxious that she cannot concentrate or sleep. Lashon is likely suffering acute stress disorder. Kenya locks the door ten times after coming inside because she fears an intrusion. She recently started working with a therapist to discuss this fear, evaluate and rank its severity, and practice imagining ways to tolerate the distress she feels when she doesn't check the locks. Eventually Kenya performed exercises where she kept the doors unlocked without going near the door and started learning strategies to cope with the distress. Which type of therapy is the therapist using with Kenya? exposure and response prevention For PTSD, and other stress-related disorders, researchers have found that both genetics and environment play important roles in one's risk for developing PTSD due to trauma. But, genes may not be the only thing affecting the risk factor for PTSD. Recent studies have shown that smaller hippocampal volume has been correlated with PTSD. In a therapy session, Gail, who has a phobia of dogs, is asked to stand near a dog. This action reactivates her fear response. The therapist exposes her to dogs repeatedly while giving her support. Gail was never bit or harmed during these sessions. Eventually the fear response was reduced and she was less afraid of dogs. What specific technique is the therapist using? "extinction of the fear response" in the application of reconsolidation therapy Josyel is asked by his therapist to talk about his traumatic experience and as he does, he tries to keep up with her finger as it moves back and forth rapidly. The therapist explained to him that this process will help him reprocess his memories to lessen the fear he has surrounding the traumatic event. What type of therapy is being used here? eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Which of the following statements best describe the psychodynamic perspective in regards to OCD? People with OCD have unconscious conflict that they are trying to cope with, and this conflict comes from a clash between the id (usually a sexual or aggressive urge) and the superego (the desire to do the right thing and follow socially acceptable behavior). Seventeen-year-old Sheri often felt very depressed and hopeless. She had several oddities at home—rearranging cutlery and turning light switches on and off—and these oddities caused annoyance with family members. She had always tried to live up to every standard (academic, religious, familial) that was placed upon her. Before every exam, she lined up her pencils, erasers, and notebooks exactly the same way, each two fingers apart. She felt a strong urge to complete this task because if she didn't, she would fail her exam. At times, the thought of failing and believing that she is a failure and therefore incapable of success made her ill. Her mother took her to see a counselor. What could be Sheri's diagnosis? obsessive-compulsive disorder Doris is a shy, eccentric 60-year-old woman living alone following the death of her mother, with whom she had lived for her whole life. At her mother's funeral, her brother Todd and his wife Cynthia try to persuade her to sell the house, especially the possessions that Doris has collected and saved over the years. Most of the items are of no value, except for sentimental reasons they cannot understand. The clutter has become hazardous, as Doris herself can hardly move through the house. There isn't anywhere to sit anymore, but Doris can manage to get to her bed, where she spends most of her time. One day, fed up, Todd and Cynthia arrive with Doris's therapist, planning on decluttering her house, but when Cynthia tries to throw out a pencil, Doris angrily throws them out of her house. Which of the following disorders is Doris likely to have? Hoarding disorder Marc is 30 years old and thinks that the bald spot on his head makes him look old and unattractive. He is overly conscious of his appearance and spends a lot of time looking in the mirror to see if his bald spot is visible. He has also tried many treatments, such as topical creams and steroid injections, to get his hair to grow back. He has spent a lot of time and money on various remedies, but none have been successful. Now he avoids social gatherings. Marc displays signs of body dysmorphic disorder. The results of family and twin studies suggest that one of the main causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder is/are genetics. Liana has been pulling out her hair for two years. This habit occurs to such a degree that her hair loss can be seen. All her efforts to stop pulling her hair typically fail. Which of the following disorders is Liana most likely to have? Trichotillomania Farzad recently moved several states away from home to live on campus as a freshman. He grew up in a tight-knit family in a small, rural community where he had close friends and positive relationships. He'd chosen this university because it hadn't seemed overwhelmingly large but now that he's here, in a new living situation, surrounded by people he doesn't know, he feels overwhelmed anyway. Always a straight-A student, Farzad is halfway through the semester and having difficulty with his courses. He had a panic attack right before a midterm exam and was referred to counseling by his professor. At the counseling center, he talks to a therapist about feelings of sudden depression, anxiety, and the physical symptoms that he can't explain: chest pain, fatigue, and frequent headaches. His therapist explains he is likely experiencing adjustment disorder. Rasheem is a 31-year-old man who was discharged from the army in 2015 after serving two tours of duty in Iraq. He has been experiencing significant difficulty sleeping and has nightmares. During his second tour, he experienced trauma he has never spoken with anyone about, but he talks about having intrusive memories of the traumatic events. He avoids anything that makes him think of his time in combat and he spends much of his time alone because seeing friends makes him feel irritable, and he doesn't want to snap at anyone. He is easily startled by noise and motion and is unnecessarily hypervigilant. His wife urges him to see a psychologist because he is "not the man that she married." The psychologist most likely diagnosed Rasheem with PTSD. One of the main differences between reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) is Children with DSED are more outgoing and more likely to talk to strangers than those with RAD. They may have little to no fear of interacting with people they don't know, to the point where they will venture away with them to somewhere new and unfamiliar. PTSD learning models suggest that some symptoms are developed and maintained through classical conditioning. There are four types of attachment styles, according to attachment theory. These are secure attachment, avoidant attachment, resistant attachment, and disorganized attachment. The anxiety disorder that is similar to PTSD, but describes a disorder that lasts between three days and one month of a traumatic event, is referred to as acute stress disorder. In regards to PTSD, what is the cognitive theory approach? Traumatic events disrupt a person's perspective on life and the world around them, which ultimately creates a negative viewpoint that has lasting damage, resulting in chronic stress symptoms seen in PTSD. Kadir is being treated for PTSD. He begins therapy by making a script of his traumatic memories, and then undergoes six sessions of viewing a computerized combat or war scene on a visor screen. The computerized scenes closely resemble the real combat environment that he experienced during deployment. During the sessions, he is able to converse with the therapist while actively re-experiencing his memories. What type of therapy is being used here? virtual reality therapy (VRT) A 5-year-old boy loses his beloved uncle suddenly to an accident. Six months later, he developed problems sleeping and bedwetting. He complained of stomach aches. He always felt nervous and watchful (on guard), as if something bad were going to happen to him or his family. He began to worry about dying at a young age. He lost interest in the things he used to enjoy, like playing with friends or video gaming. To his parents, he seemed to be more aggressive than before, even violent at times. This behavior was unusual for him. He refused categorically to ride in a car, and going out in public with family became an ordeal. These symptoms seem to suggest which of the following disorders? post-traumatic stress disorder