SFSU EARTH 310 Exam | Questions and Answers

SFSU EARTH 310 Exam | Questions and Answers According to the lecture, which definition below would be the best definition of Geology? Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, Moon and other terrestrial bodies incl ...

SFSU EARTH 310 Exam | Questions and Answers According to the lecture, which definition below would be the best definition of Geology? Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, Moon and other terrestrial bodies including its origin and evolution, composition, and the processes that act on them. Choose the best definition for the scientific method below: A systematic method that scientists use to aid in understanding phenomenon better. What are the key differences between a scientific hypothesis and a scientific theory according to the lecture? Choose from the following: A theory is an accumulation of many well-proven and well-accepted hypotheses that explain why phenomenon occurs. What are the key differences between a scientific theory and a scientific law/principle according to the lecture? Choose from the following: A law explains the process of a phenomenon, but not why it occurs like a theory does. According to the lecture, what energy source is Earth using primarily for its internal processes? Radioactive decay According to the lecture, what energy source is Earth using primarily for its external/surficial processes? Solar energy Which of the layers listed below is defined as a layer by composition? Core Which of the layers listed below is defined as a layer by its physical properties? Lithosphere Of the choices below, which one represents 100% of the Earth's mantle? Asthenosphere, Mesosphere and the ultramafic section of the Lithosphere Which layer from the choices below generates Earth's magnetic field Outer Core Which layer(s) from the choices below are defined by physical properties and could be considered a ductile solid? Asthenosphere & Mesosphere Which layer defined by physical properties is considered a liquid? Outer Core Which statement below best compares the lithosphere to the asthenosphere according to the lecture? The lithosphere is a brittle solid and the asthenosphere is a ductile solid Which statement below best compares the crust to the lithosphere according to the lecture? The lithosphere is defined by its physical property of being brittle. The crust is defined by its composition (felsic, intermediate and mafic) A long, narrow linear or gently curving deep trench, earthquakes to depths of several hundred kilometers, and volcanoes paralleling the trenches as islands. Ocean-Ocean Convergent Boundary A long, narrow linear or gently curving deep trench, earthquakes to depths of several hundred kilometers, and volcanoes paralleling the trenches on continents. Continent-Ocean Convergent Boundary A long, linear rise in the sea-floor with earthquakes and volcanic activity found along its ridge. Divergent Boundary A land or seafloor region with many quakes right along the boundary line. Depth of the earthquakes are shallow and the topography is not impressive (no real large mountains or valleys). Volcanic activity is not common along this boundary. Transform Boundary Transform Plate Boundary W Convergent Plate Boundary Y Island or Continental Volcanic Arc U Divergent Boundary X Shallow Focus Earthquakes W, X, Y Deep Focus Earthquakes U Ocean Trench Y Where do earthquake waves originate from? The Focus Which type of wave below can travel through solids and liquids and is similar to a sound wave? P-waves What does the S-P interval represent exactly? Choose the best answer below: It is the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave at a seismic station. Eureka, CA: 49 seconds Elko, NV: 72 seconds Las Vegas, NV: 64 seconds It takes an S-wave approximately 70 seconds to travel 300 km. How long does it take the P-wave to travel this same distance? Choose the best answer below 39 seconds Eureka, CA: 478 km Elko, NV: 703 km Las Vegas, NV: 623 km Type in your answers above into the boxes provided on the webpage and hit "Find Epicenter". The next screen will be a map showing circles. What are these circles themselves individually depicting? The distance between the seismic recording station and the possible earthquake epicenter. Read the section on "Magnitude Explained". What is the magnitude of an earthquake? Choose the best answer from the choices below It is an estimate of the total amount of energy released by an earthquake. The Richter magnitude determination is based on measurements made on seismograms. Two measurements are needed. What are they? Maximum amplitude of the seismic waves and the S-P time interval. Eureka, CA: 285 mm Elko, NV: 60 mm Las Vegas, NV: 100 mm The page shows a nomogram with three lines representing the data you provided. Type in your estimate for the earthquake in the box provided on the webpage and click on "Confirm Magnitude". Choose the magnitude below that most closely represents the magnitude for this earthquake. 7.1 What type of tectonic plate boundary worldwide (not just Sumatra) causes earthquake-induced tsunami? Convergent boundary How many magnitude 8 earthquakes does it take to equal the energy release for a magnitude 9 earthquake according to the film? 30 How deep under the earth's surface was this particular earthquake according to the film? 30 km The movie spends some time talking about how a tsunami is generated. Listen to the scientists describe this process and choose the best answer from the following below: The sea floor moves vertically, which in turn moves the water vertically, generating the tsunami. Learning what you have about how tsunami are generated by earthquakes, can the offset (movement) along the San Andreas fault during an earthquake produce a dangerous tsunami directly? (Note: This question is not answered directly in the film) No The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center was able to alert the east coast of Africa about the incoming tsunami. How many fatalities occurred in Kenya as a result according to the film? 1 Of the four causes of tsunami mentioned in the film, which produces tsunami more than any other? Earthquake Which region of the continental U.S. has a Subduction Zone off its coast, and therefore is under the risk of a similar tsunami that occurred in Sumatra in 2004? Pacific Northwest Which ocean has more chance of a tsunami than any other: (Note: This question is not answered directly in the film) Pacific Ocean Viscosity is defined as the __________ to flow. Resistance Higher temperature magmas will have a __________ viscosity. Lower In terms of temperature, mafic magma is the [hottest] [coldest] when compared to more felsic magma. Hottest What composition of magma is primarily involved in the construction of a shield volcano? Mafic When a volcano is at least partially created by its lava flows, the viscosity of that lava can determine its steepness. What viscosity must a shield volcanoes lava be, with its broad, non-steep sides? Low viscosity What composition of magma makes up the base of a stratovolcano? Mafic What viscosity must the base of a stratovolcanoes lava be, when it has broad, non-steep sides? Low viscosity What composition of magma is involved in the construction of the higher parts of a stratovolcano? Choose the best answer(s): Intermediate, Felsic What viscosity must the higher parts of a stratovolcano be, where its sides steepen up? Piling up of cinders during an eruption What makes a cinder cone steep-sided? Piling up of cinders during an eruption Mass wasting always involves rock or soil that slides down a slope quickly. False