PSYC 319 Exam 2 | Questions with complete solutions

PSYC 319 Exam 2 | Questions with complete solutions The book "Principles of Physiological Psychology" was published in 1973 False Wilhelm Wundt is credited as the founder of Psychology. True Wundt believed the mind act ...

PSYC 319 Exam 2 | Questions with complete solutions The book "Principles of Physiological Psychology" was published in 1973 False Wilhelm Wundt is credited as the founder of Psychology. True Wundt believed the mind actively organizes the content of consciousness True Wundt used the term "elements" to suggest psychology was like the natural sciences True The subject matter of Wundt's psychology was consciousness True Wilhelm Wundt is the ____ of psychology as a discipline. a. Originator b. Founder c. Forerunner d. Antecedent Wundt's productivity as a writer can be quantified by his output, which averaged ____. a. 1.5 pages a day for approximately 25 years b. 4.7 pages a day for approximately 15 years c. 2.2 pages a day for over 50 years d. Just about 1 page a day for his working life e. 5 pages a day for over 50 years Wundt established psychology as distinct from philosophy primarily in terms of its ____. a. Focus on behavior b. Use of the experimental model c. Use of the deduction and induction d. Subject matter e. Emphasis on physiology What book marks the "literary birth" of the new science of psychology? a. Fechner's Elements of Psychophysics (1860) b. Fechner's Elements of Psychophysics (1860) and Wundt's Contributions to the Theory of Sensory Perception (1858-1862) c. Helmholtz's Handbook of Physiological Optics (1856-1866) d. Wundt's Contributions to the Theory of Sensory Perception (1858-1862) e. Müller's Handbook of Physiology of Mankind (1833-1840) Wundt's system is most accurately called ____. a. Psychophysics b. Experimental Psychology c. Reductionism d. Structural psychology e. Physiological psychology The cultural psychology of Wundt examined evidence from ____. a. A content analysis of contemporary newspapers b. Experimentation c. Examination of language, myths, customs, law and morals d. Studies of children and their thinking e. Philosophy In 1867, Wundt offered the first course ever given in ____. a. Physiological psychology b. Social psychology c. Introspection d. Volkerpsychologie e. Psychophysics Wundt's influence was so widely felt that, as a tribute, his lab was later replicated in ____. a. Sweden and Italy b. The United States and Sweden c. Japan and Russia d. Italy and Japan e. Russia and the United States Which of the following statements is true of Wundt's cultural psychology? a. It dealt with various stages of human mental development. b. It was the same thing as folk psychology. c. It was the study of socioeconomic strata in society. d. It became the discipline known as anthropology. e. It was never published, although some lectures and articles remain In his early work when he was his own experimental subject, the 29-year-old Wilhelm Wundt found that he could ____. a. Sustain his attention on one thing for a little less than 12 minutes at a time b. Not pay attention to two things at once c. Pay attention to two things at once d. Pay attention to two things at once, but not three e. Pay attention to three things at once, but not four The word "voluntarism" is derived from the word volition. a. True b. False A mediate experience precedes immediate experience. a. True b. False Wundt trained his subjects how to introspect properly. a. True b. False Wundt believed that the content of consciousness passively self-organized. a. True b. False According to Wundt, the 2 types of conscious experience are "mediate" and immediate." a. True b. False According to Wundt, psychology should be concerned with the study of ____. a. The time required for sensory organs to transmit impulses to consciousness b. Conscious experience c. The different stages of childhood development d. Mediate experience e. Immediate experience Which of the following is NOT one of Wundt's experimental conditions? a. Observers must be in a state of readiness. b. Observers must be able to determine when the process is to begin. c. Observers must be able to describe the qualitative aspects of their experiences. d. The observations must be repeatable. e. It must be possible to control and manipulate the stimuli. Wundt's theory of feelings was based on ____. a. Retrospective reports of trained observers b. Weber's earlier work on emotions c. Fechner's Law (S = k log R) d. His own introspections e. Fechner's discovery of the pleasure principle If you look at a rose and observe, "The rose is red," you are observing the ____. a. Basic human experience b. Immediate experience c. Stimulus error d. Elements of experience e. Mediate experience The first system or school of thought in psychology was called ____. a. Voluntarism by Wundt b. Cultural psychology by Wundt c. Volkerpsychologie by Wundt d. Structuralism in Germany and functionalism in the United States e. Structuralism by Wundt's student, Titchener Wundt's modification of introspection was the ____. a. Use of experimental controls b. Use of children as observers (subjects) c. Comparison of normal subjects' reports of elements of consciousness with reports. of hallucinations by psychiatric patients and by those using drugs such as cocaine d. Analysis of mediate experience into immediate experience and its confounds e. Quantification of the sensations in accord with Fechner's Law Which of the following is not a reason for decline of Wundt's approach to psychology? a. German universities did not have the economic resources to support scientific psychology. b. The pragmatic culture of the United States precluded Wundt's system. c. Wundt's approach represented a pure science of psychology with little opportunity for practical application. d. Wundt's approach was overshadowed by the development of Gestalt psychology in Germany and psychoanalysis in Austria. e. Wundt's theories were difficult to understand. Therefore, he attracted very few students to his work. The ultimate fate of Wundt's laboratory at Leipzig was that it ____. a. Is still in existence but serves solely as a historical attraction b. Was destroyed by the Gestapo in World War II c. Was destroyed in World War II but rebuilt as a historical museum d. Was destroyed by allied bombing raids in World War II e. Is still a productive research facility In the Original Source Material, Wundt states that, "the law of psychical resultants expresses a principle that is the opposite of the principle of creative synthesis". a. True b. False In Wundt's laboratory, introspection was used to assess ____. a. Mediate experience b. Feelings c. Stimulus intensities d. Sensations e. Immediate experience Kulpe focused his research on mental processes. a. True b. False Kulpe had his research subjects report their mental experiences before they occurred. a. True b. False Stumph's phenomenology was similar to Wundt's introspection. a. True b. False Like Wundt, Brentano advocated study of the content of consciousness. a. True b. False Ebbinghaus demonstrated a method to study learning and memory. a. True b. False Ebbinghaus and König argued that psychology and physiology ____. a. Must each address classic problems from philosophy b. Must remain parallel and together but not intersect while studying the mind-body problem c. Are inseparable halves of a new great double science d. Must unite to remove introspection and replace it with experimentation in the new science e. Must be separated if the new science was to flourish The significance of Ebbinghaus's work is in his ____. a. Ability to further the approach and findings of Wundt b. Tolerance for boredom c. Rigorous use of experimental control and his quantitative analysis of data d. Finding that longer material takes more time to learn e. Use of large numbers of subjects to replicate his experiments This popular lecturer at the University of Vienna influenced many students including von Ehrenfels and Freud and was the intellectual antecedent of Gestalt psychology and humanistic psychology. a. Franz Brentano b. Oswald Külpe c. Carl Stumpf d. Edward Titchener e. Hermann Ebbinghaus As his measure of learning, Ebbinghaus adapted a method from ____. a. The Cartesian dualists b. The associationists c. The early mentalists d. The psychophysicists e. Wundt's lab ____ work on ____ was the first "venture into a truly psychological problem area" rather than on physiology. a. Wundt's; sensation b. Ebbinghaus'; learning c. Fechner's; psychophysics d. Brentano's; mental activity e. None of the other choices The subject matter of psychology is the act of experiencing, according to ____. a. Ebbinghaus b. Wundt c. Stumpf d. Titchener e. Brentano When Ebbinghaus compared the speed of memorizing lists of nonsense syllables versus stanzas of a poem he found that ____. a. It is possible to construct an association-free syllable b. Meaningless material is nine times harder to learn than meaningful material c. Byron's poem, "Don Juan," was so uninteresting that stanzas from took longer to learn than did lists of syllables d. It is not possible to construct an association-free syllable e. Each stanza had 80 syllables, requiring 80 repetitions while it required 9 readings to memorize 80 syllables from the meaningless list What may be "the most brilliant single investigation in the history of experimental psychology"? a. Ebbinghaus's On Forgetting b. Wundt's On Forgetting c. Titchener's A Summary of Psychology d. Titchener's On Memory e. Ebbinghaus's On Memory Given that many of his research findings remain valid today, ____ can be seen as more influential than ____. a. Brentano; König b. König; Brentano c. Wundt; Brentano d. Ebbinghaus; Wundt e. Wundt; Ebbinghaus While conducting his research, Ebbinghaus used ____. a. Over 1,000 subjects b. A single subject c. A method to "erase" memories d. A laboratory to systematically test 20 subjects at a time e. Fewer than 10 subjects at a time This person was influenced by Fechner's rigid and systematic use of measurement in developing his own methods for researching higher-level cognitive processes. a. Hermann von Helmholtz b. Georg Elias Müller c. Oswald Külpe d. Carl Stumpf e. Hermann Ebbinghaus Act psychology, in contrast to Wundt's approach, claimed that psychology should ____. a. Incorporate the study of music into laboratory research b. Study mental processes or functions and not mental structure c. Be concerned with the development of rigorous methods of scientific research in the laboratory d. Try to analyze consciousness into discrete mental states called "moments" e. Actively fight for its place in the academic world Brentano's system of psychology was called ____ psychology. a. Content b. Sense c. Cognitive d. Memory e. Act Ebbinghaus is important for the history of psychology because he ____. a. United with Gestalt psychology to oppose the spread of Wundt's psychology in Germany b. Successfully challenged Wundt's claim that higher mental processes, such as learning and memory, could not be studied in the laboratory c. Taught Freud and influenced humanism and Gestalt psychology d. Used reaction times to measure the speed of recalling information from memory e. Wrote the first definitive work on child psychology Act psychologists argued that the two ways of systematically studying mental acts were ____. a. Learning and imagination b. Introspection and retrospection c. Learning and memory d. Experimentation and empiricism e. Memory and imagination Ebbinghaus developed a(n) ____ considered by some to be the first successful test of higher mental process and used today, in modified form, in cognitive ability tests. a. Sentence-completion exercise b. Memory and retention exercise c. Ability test of memorization d. Problem-solving template e. Tolerance of boredom Ebbinghaus dedicated The Principles of Psychology to ____. a. Fechner b. Wundt c. Brentano d. Titchener e. Külpe While Wundt had argued that learning and memory could not be studied experimentally, who soon proved him wrong? a. Titchener b. Brentano c. Ebbinghaus d. Külpe e. Galton For Brentano, the primary research method was ____. a. Functional Analysis b. Experimentation c. Factor Analysis d. Psychoanalysis e. Observation Which of the following methods is defined as "the examination of experience as it occurred without any attempt to reduce experience to elementary components." a. Imageless thought b. Introspection c. Phenomenology d. Epiphenomenology e. Voluntarism Ebbinghaus measured the rate of human learning by ____. a. Using an a priori method b. Counting the number of repetitions needed for one perfect reproduction of the material c. Counting associations that had already been formed d. Making it more objective e. Looking at the relationship between a behavior and its consequence Other than Stumpf's research, his greatest influence on psychology may have been ____. a. The legitimization of untrained observers to do introspection in experimental research b. The legitimization of music as a therapy for mentally ill and developmentally disabled persons c. Educating the founders of Gestalt psychology d. The discovery of imageless thought and the ensuing debate with Wundt e. The legitimization of introspection as an experimental technique The fundamental purpose of creating nonsense syllables is to ____. a. Control for previous learning b. Offset the influence of past reinforcements and punishments that one may associate with certain words c. Assess word associations that are not influenced by unconscious material d. Be able to replicate the research in all languages that use the same alphabet e. Control for apperception Stumpf's method of observation was ____. a. Systematic Experimental Introspection b. Introspection c. Insight d. Phenomenology e. Retrospection The psychological study of music was pioneered by ____. a. Fechner b. Külpe c. Helmholtz d. Stumpf e. Wundt Ebbinghaus's focus of study was on the ____. a. Initial formation of associations b. Examination of associations that were already formed c. Nature of the mind/body problem d. Work of Helmholtz e. Evolutionary theory as it applied to the mind Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint (1874) was the major contribution to psychology from