CARBOHYDRATES
1. Following overnight fasting, hypoglycemia in adults is defined as a glucose of: - ✔✔
CARBOHYDRATES
1. Following overnight fasting, hypoglycemia in adults is defined as a glucose of: - ✔✔<45
mg/dL (<2.5 mmol/L)
2. The following results are from a 21 year-old patient with a back injury who appears otherwise
healthy:
Whole Blood Glucose: 77 mg/dL (4.2 mmol/L)
Serum Glucose: 88 mg/dL (4.8 mmol/L)
CSF Glucose: 56 mg/dL (3.1 mmol/L
The best interpretation of these results is that: - ✔✔All values are consistent with a normal
healthy individual
3. The preparation of a patient for standard glucose tolerance testing should include: - ✔✔A high
carbohydrate diet for 3 days
4. If a fasting glucose was 90 mg/dL, which of the following 2-hour postprandial glucose results
would most closely represent normal glucose metabolism? - ✔✔100 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L)5. A healthy person with a blood glucose of 80 mg/dL (4.4 mmol/L) would have a
simultaneously determined cerebrospinal fluid glucose value of: - ✔✔50 mg/dL (2.3 mmol/L)
6. A 25-year -old man became nauseated and vomited 90 minutes after receiving a standard 75 g
carbohydrate dose for an oral glucose tolerance test. The best course of action is to: - ✔✔Draw
blood for glucose and discontinue test
7. Cerebrospinal fluid for glucose assay should be: - ✔✔Analyzed immediately
8. Which of the following 2-hour postprandial glucose values demonstrates unequivocal
hyperglycemia diagnostic for diabetes mellitus? - ✔✔200 mg/dL (11.0 mmol/L)
9. Serum levels that define hypoglycemia in pre-term or low birth weight infants are: -
✔✔Lower than adults
10. A 45-year-old woman has a fasting serum glucose concentration of 95 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L)
and a 2-hour postprandial glucose concentration of 105 mg/dL (5.8 mmol/L). The statement
which best describes this patient's fasting serum glucose concentration is: - ✔✔Normal;
reflecting glycogen breakdown by the liver
11. Pregnant women with symptoms of thirst, frequent urination or unexplained weight loss
would have which of the following tests performed? - ✔✔Glucose tolerance test12. In the fasting state, the arterial and capillary blood glucose concentration varies from the
venous glucose concentration by approximately how many mg/dL (mmol/L)? - ✔✔5 mg/dL (0
.27 mmol/L) higher
13. The conversion of glucose or other hexoses into lactate or pyruvate is called : -
✔✔Glycolysis
14. Which one of the following values obtained during a glucose tolerance test are diagnostic of
diabetes mellitus? - ✔✔Fasting plasma glucose = 126 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L)
15. The glycated hemoglobin value represents the integrated values of glucose concentration
during the preceding : - ✔✔6-8 weeks
16. Monitoring long-term glucose control in patient s with adult onset diabetes mellitus can best
be accomplished by measuring: - ✔✔Hgb A1C
17. A patient with Type I, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has the following results:
Test Patient Referenced range
FBS: 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/dL) 70-110 mg/dL (mmol/dL)
Hgb A1C: 8.5% 4.0 % - 6.0%
Fructosamine: 2.5 mmol/dL 2.0 - 2.9 mmol/dLAfter reviewing these test results, the technologist concluded that the patient is in an: -
✔✔Improving state of metabolic control as indicated by fructosamine
18. Total glycosylated hemoglobin levels in a hemolysate reflect the: - ✔✔Average blood
glucose levels of the past 2-3 months
19. Which of the following hemoglobins has glucose-6-phosphate on the amino-terminal valine
of the beta chain? - ✔✔Hgb A1C
20. A patient with hemolytic anemia will: - ✔✔Show a decrease in glycated Hgb value
21. In using ion-exchange chromatographic methods, falsely increased levels of Hgb A1C might
be demonstrated in the presence of: - ✔✔Hgb S
22. An increase in serum acetone is indicative of a defect in the metabolism of: -
✔✔Carbohydrates
23. An infant with diarrhea is being evaluated for a carbohydrate intolerance. His stool yields a
positive copper reduction test and a pH of 5.0. It should be concluded that: - ✔✔Further tests are
indicated
24. Blood samples were collected at the beginning of an exercise class and after thirty minutes of
aerobic activity. Which of the following would be most consistent with the post-exercise sample?
- ✔✔Elevated lactic acid, elevated pyruvate25. What is the best method to diagnose lactase deficiency? - ✔✔H2 breath test
ACID-BASE BALANCE
26. The expected blood gas results for a patient in chronic renal failure would match the pattern
of: - ✔✔Metabolic acidosis
27. Severe diarrhea causes: - ✔✔Metabolic acidosis
28. Following blood gas results were obtained:
pH: 7.18
PO2: 86 mm Hg
PCO2: 60 mm Hg
O2 Saturation: 92%
HCO3: 7921 mEq/ (21 mmol/L)
TCO2: -8.0 mEq/ (-8.0 mmol/L)
The patient's results are compatible with which of the following? - ✔✔Emphysema
29. Factors that contribute to a PC02 electrode requiring 60-120 seconds to reach equilibrium
include the: - ✔✔Diffusion characteristics of the membrane30. An emphysema patient suffering from fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces is likely to
be in what metabolic state? - ✔✔Respiratory acidosis
31. At blood pH 7.40, what is the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid? - ✔✔20:1
32. The reference range for the pH of arterial blood measured at 37°C is: - ✔✔7.35-7.45
33. A 68-year-old man arrives in the emergency room with a glucose level of 722 mg/dL (39.7
mmol/L) and serum acetone of 4+ undiluted. An arterial blood gas from this patient is likely to
be: - ✔✔Low pH
34. A patient is admitted to the emergency room in a state of metabolic alkalosis. Which of the
following would be consistent with this diagnosis? - ✔✔High TCO2, increased HCO3
35. A person suspected of having metabolic alkalosis would have which of the following
laboratory findings? - ✔✔CO2 content and pH elevated
36. Metabolic acidosis is described as a(n): - ✔✔Decrease in CO2 content and PCO2 with a
decreased pH
37. Respiratory acidosis is described as a(n) : - ✔✔Increase in CO2 content and PCO2 with a
decreased pH38. A common cause of respiratory alkalosis is: - ✔✔Hyperventilation
39. Acidosis and alkalosis are best defined as fluctuations in blood pH and C02 content due to
changes in: - ✔✔Bicarbonate buffer
40. A blood gas sample was sent to the lab on ice, and a bubble was present in the syringe. The
blood had been exposed to room air for at least 30 minutes. The following change in blood gases
will occur: - ✔✔PO2 increased/HCO3 decreased
41. The following laboratory results were obtained :
Serum electrolytes;
Sodium: 136 mEq/ L (136 mmol/ L)
Potassium: 4.4 mEq/ L (4.4 mmol/ L)
Chloride: 92 mEq/ L (92 mmol/ L)
Bicarbonate: 40 mEq/ L (40 mmol/ L)
Arterial blood
pH: 7.32
PCO2: 79 mm Hg
These results are most compatible with: - ✔✔Respiratory acidosis
42. Select the test, which evaluates renal tubular function. - ✔✔Osmolarity
43. A patient had the following serum results:Na: 140 mEq/ L (140 mmol/L)
K : 4.0 mEq/ L (4.0 mmol/L)
glucose: 95 mg/dl (5.2 mmol/L)
BUN: 10 mg/dl (3.57 mmol/L)
Which osmolality is consistent with these results? - ✔✔270
2 X Na + GLU/18 + BUN/2.8
280 + 95/18 + 10/2.8 = 288.84 correct answer 270 mEq/L
44. The degree to which the kidney concentrates the glomerular filtrate can be determined by: -
✔✔Urine to serum osmolality values
45. Osmolal gap is the difference between: - ✔✔Calculated and measured osmolality values
ELECTROLYTES
46. The most important buffer pair in plasma is the : - ✔✔Bicarbonate/carbonic acid pair
47. Quantitation of Na +
