ASCP Complete Chemistry Study Guide | 100% Solved| Latest 2024 With 100% Correct Answers

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CARBOHYDRATES 1. Following overnight fasting, hypoglycemia in adults is defined as a glucose of: - ✔✔<45 mg/dL (<2.5 mmol/L) 2. The following results are from a 21 year-old patient with a back ... injury who appears otherwise healthy: Whole Blood Glucose: 77 mg/dL (4.2 mmol/L) Serum Glucose: 88 mg/dL (4.8 mmol/L) CSF Glucose: 56 mg/dL (3.1 mmol/L The best interpretation of these results is that: - ✔✔All values are consistent with a normal healthy individual 3. The preparation of a patient for standard glucose tolerance testing should include: - ✔✔A high carbohydrate diet for 3 days 4. If a fasting glucose was 90 mg/dL, which of the following 2-hour postprandial glucose results would most closely represent normal glucose metabolism? - ✔✔100 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L)5. A healthy person with a blood glucose of 80 mg/dL (4.4 mmol/L) would have a simultaneously determined cerebrospinal fluid glucose value of: - ✔✔50 mg/dL (2.3 mmol/L) 6. A 25-year -old man became nauseated and vomited 90 minutes after receiving a standard 75 g carbohydrate dose for an oral glucose tolerance test. The best course of action is to: - ✔✔Draw blood for glucose and discontinue test 7. Cerebrospinal fluid for glucose assay should be: - ✔✔Analyzed immediately 8. Which of the following 2-hour postprandial glucose values demonstrates unequivocal hyperglycemia diagnostic for diabetes mellitus? - ✔✔200 mg/dL (11.0 mmol/L) 9. Serum levels that define hypoglycemia in pre-term or low birth weight infants are: - ✔✔Lower than adults 10. A 45-year-old woman has a fasting serum glucose concentration of 95 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L) and a 2-hour postprandial glucose concentration of 105 mg/dL (5.8 mmol/L). The statement which best describes this patient's fasting serum glucose concentration is: - ✔✔Normal; reflecting glycogen breakdown by the liver 11. Pregnant women with symptoms of thirst, frequent urination or unexplained weight loss would have which of the following tests performed? - ✔✔Glucose tolerance test12. In the fasting state, the arterial and capillary blood glucose concentration varies from the venous glucose concentration by approximately how many mg/dL (mmol/L)? - ✔✔5 mg/dL (0 .27 mmol/L) higher 13. The conversion of glucose or other hexoses into lactate or pyruvate is called : - ✔✔Glycolysis 14. Which one of the following values obtained during a glucose tolerance test are diagnostic of diabetes mellitus? - ✔✔Fasting plasma glucose = 126 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L) 15. The glycated hemoglobin value represents the integrated values of glucose concentration during the preceding : - ✔✔6-8 weeks 16. Monitoring long-term glucose control in patient s with adult onset diabetes mellitus can best be accomplished by measuring: - ✔✔Hgb A1C 17. A patient with Type I, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has the following results: Test Patient Referenced range FBS: 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/dL) 70-110 mg/dL (mmol/dL) Hgb A1C: 8.5% 4.0 % - 6.0% Fructosamine: 2.5 mmol/dL 2.0 - 2.9 mmol/dLAfter reviewing these test results, the technologist concluded that the patient is in an: - ✔✔Improving state of metabolic control as indicated by fructosamine 18. Total glycosylated hemoglobin levels in a hemolysate reflect the: - ✔✔Average blood glucose levels of the past 2-3 months 19. Which of the following hemoglobins has glucose-6-phosphate on the amino-terminal valine of the beta chain? - ✔✔Hgb A1C 20. A patient with hemolytic anemia will: - ✔✔Show a decrease in glycated Hgb value 21. In using ion-exchange chromatographic methods, falsely increased levels of Hgb A1C might be demonstrated in the presence of: - ✔✔Hgb S 22. An increase in serum acetone is indicative of a defect in the metabolism of: - ✔✔Carbohydrates 23. An infant with diarrhea is being evaluated for a carbohydrate intolerance. His stool yields a positive copper reduction test and a pH of 5.0. It should be concluded that: - ✔✔Further tests are indicated 24. Blood samples were collected at the beginning of an exercise class and after thirty minutes of aerobic activity. Which of the following would be most consistent with the post-exercise sample? - ✔✔Elevated lactic acid, elevated pyruvate25. What is the best method to diagnose lactase deficiency? - ✔✔H2 breath test ACID-BASE BALANCE 26. The expected blood gas results for a patient in chronic renal failure would match the pattern of: - ✔✔Metabolic acidosis 27. Severe diarrhea causes: - ✔✔Metabolic acidosis 28. Following blood gas results were obtained: pH: 7.18 PO2: 86 mm Hg PCO2: 60 mm Hg O2 Saturation: 92% HCO3: 7921 mEq/ (21 mmol/L) TCO2: -8.0 mEq/ (-8.0 mmol/L) The patient's results are compatible with which of the following? - ✔✔Emphysema 29. Factors that contribute to a PC02 electrode requiring 60-120 seconds to reach equilibrium include the: - ✔✔Diffusion characteristics of the membrane30. An emphysema patient suffering from fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces is likely to be in what metabolic state? - ✔✔Respiratory acidosis 31. At blood pH 7.40, what is the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid? - ✔✔20:1 32. The reference range for the pH of arterial blood measured at 37°C is: - ✔✔7.35-7.45 33. A 68-year-old man arrives in the emergency room with a glucose level of 722 mg/dL (39.7 mmol/L) and serum acetone of 4+ undiluted. An arterial blood gas from this patient is likely to be: - ✔✔Low pH 34. A patient is admitted to the emergency room in a state of metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following would be consistent with this diagnosis? - ✔✔High TCO2, increased HCO3 35. A person suspected of having metabolic alkalosis would have which of the following laboratory findings? - ✔✔CO2 content and pH elevated 36. Metabolic acidosis is described as a(n): - ✔✔Decrease in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH 37. Respiratory acidosis is described as a(n) : - ✔✔Increase in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH38. A common cause of respiratory alkalosis is: - ✔✔Hyperventilation 39. Acidosis and alkalosis are best defined as fluctuations in blood pH and C02 content due to changes in: - ✔✔Bicarbonate buffer 40. A blood gas sample was sent to the lab on ice, and a bubble was present in the syringe. The blood had been exposed to room air for at least 30 minutes. The following change in blood gases will occur: - ✔✔PO2 increased/HCO3 decreased 41. The following laboratory results were obtained : Serum electrolytes; Sodium: 136 mEq/ L (136 mmol/ L) Potassium: 4.4 mEq/ L (4.4 mmol/ L) Chloride: 92 mEq/ L (92 mmol/ L) Bicarbonate: 40 mEq/ L (40 mmol/ L) Arterial blood pH: 7.32 PCO2: 79 mm Hg These results are most compatible with: - ✔✔Respiratory acidosis 42. Select the test, which evaluates renal tubular function. - ✔✔Osmolarity 43. A patient had the following serum results:Na: 140 mEq/ L (140 mmol/L) K : 4.0 mEq/ L (4.0 mmol/L) glucose: 95 mg/dl (5.2 mmol/L) BUN: 10 mg/dl (3.57 mmol/L) Which osmolality is consistent with these results? - ✔✔270 2 X Na + GLU/18 + BUN/2.8 280 + 95/18 + 10/2.8 = 288.84 correct answer 270 mEq/L 44. The degree to which the kidney concentrates the glomerular filtrate can be determined by: - ✔✔Urine to serum osmolality values 45. Osmolal gap is the difference between: - ✔✔Calculated and measured osmolality values ELECTROLYTES 46. The most important buffer pair in plasma is the : - ✔✔Bicarbonate/carbonic acid pair 47. Quantitation of Na + [Show More]

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