NURS 324 Exam 1 | Answered with complete solutions

NURS 324 Exam 1 | Answered with complete solutions Your patient presents with tachycardia, exertional dyspnea, fatigue, bounding pulses, and postural dizziness. What is your diagnosis? Anemia Define anemia a deficiency ...

NURS 324 Exam 1 | Answered with complete solutions Your patient presents with tachycardia, exertional dyspnea, fatigue, bounding pulses, and postural dizziness. What is your diagnosis? Anemia Define anemia a deficiency in the blood's ability to carry oxygen What are the causes of anemia? erythrocyte loss (bleeding), decreased erythrocyte production, or hemolysis Your patient presents with mouth sores, joint pain, renal damage, pleuritis, and photosensitivity rash. What is your diagnosis? Lupus Define lupus a chronic inflammatory condition where immune complexes damage different bodily tissues and systems Your patient presents with spastic ataxia, memory loss, peripheral neuropathy, emotional instability, jaundice, and magenta burning tongue. What is your diagnosis? pernicious anemia Define pernicious anemia a deficiency in vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic absorption factor Your patient presents with anemia, hemolysis, acute pain episodes, swelling of hands and feet, and frequent infections. What is your diagnosis? sickle cell anemia Define sickle cell anemia inward, elongated red blood cells that are stiff and sticky --> keeps them from passing through blood vessels smoothly Your patient presents with splenomegaly, heptomegaly, bloodshot eyes, thick blood, heavy menstrual cycle, and reddened palms and mucous membranes. What is your diagnosis? polycythemia vera Define polycythemia vera too many red blood cells due to a gene mutation Your patient presents with fatigue, sore throat, swollen glands, and high fever. What is your diagnosis? Mononucleosis Define mononucleosis elevated monocytes caused by Epstein-Barr Virus Your patient presents with painless enlargement of the cervical and axillary lymph nodes, weight loss, night sweats, abdominal and chest pain, and shortness of breath. What is your diagnosis? non-hodgkin's lymphoma Define non-hodgkin's lymphoma lymphoma lacking Reed-Sternberg cells Your patient presents with dysphagia, brittle and koilonychia-shaped nails, PICA, beeturia, and chelitis. What is your diagnosis? iron-deficiency anemia Iron- deficiency anemia is the "most common..."? dietary disorder and cause of anemia Your patient presents with jaundice, splenomegaly, heptomegaly, dark urine, weakness, headache, and shortness of breath. What is your diagnosis? hemolytic anemia Define hemolytic anemia decreased hemoglobin due to something destroying the red blood cells --> bone marrow can't keep up with destruction Your patient presents with back pain, bone pain, pathologic fractures, high serum protein levels, and renal failure. What is your diagnosis? multiple myeloma Define multiple myeloma malignant neoplasm of plasma cells or B lymphocytes, causing abnormal growth in bone marrow and increased bone pain and fractures Your patient presents with dark urine, delayed growth and development, excessive fatigue, yellow or pale skin, and facial bone deformities. What is your diagnosis? Thalassemia Define thalassemia fragile and thin red blood cells that form defective hemoglobin Your patient presents with skin rash, cold feeling in hands and feet, infection, bleeding, bruising, petechiae, fatigue, pale skin, tachycardia, and heart failure. What is your diagnosis? aplastic anemia Define aplastic anemia failure of the bone marrow to produce blood components Your patient presents with petechiae, ecchymosis, hematoma, hematuria, and GI bleeding. What is your diagnosis? disseminated intravascular coagulation Define DIC abnormal clotting followed by abnormal bleeding after a major trauma; life-threatening Your patient presents with mouth sores, anorexia, fatigue, irritability, and beefy red tongue. What is your diagnosis? folic acid deficiency anemia What is folic acid needed for? red blood cell maturation, brain function, mental health, and cell growth Your patient presents with painless enlargement in the lymph nodes, weight loss, fever, night sweats, fatigue, and itching after a hot bath. What is your diagnosis? hodgkin's lymphoma Your patient presents with bruising, excessive nosebleeds, bleeding from gums, and abnormally heavy menstrual flow. What is your diagnosis? Von Willebrand's disease Your patient presents with intracranial hemorrhage, prolonged nosebleeds, bruising, warm, painful, swollen joints, and GI hemorrhage. What is your diagnosis? Hemophilia What is the difference between Hemophilia A, B, and Von Willebrand's? A: factor VIII deficiency; X-linked B: factor IX deficiency; X-linked VB: affect males and females Your patient presents with a tall, slender build, arched palate with crowded teeth, flat feet, breastbone deformities, heart murmurs, and nearsightedness. What is your diagnosis? Marfan's syndrome Define Marfan's syndrome a genetic mutation resulting in the inability to make enough proteins for elastin or collagen Your patient presents with breakdown of the nerve cells in the brain, tremors, and the inability to move or breathe. What is your diagnosis? Huntington's disease Your patient presents with seizures, the inability to breathe, paralysis, and vision and hearing loss. What is your diagnosis? Tay-Sach's What population does Huntington's disease affects vs Tay-Sach's (age)? HD: symptoms appear 30-50 years old; die 15-20 years after TS: symptoms appear 3-6 months old; die 3-5 years old Your patient presents with jaundice, enlarged liver, cataracts, kidney damage, and brain damage. What is your diagnosis? Galactosemia Your patient presents with skin rash, seizures, microcephaly, and musty-odor breath, urine, and skin. What is your diagnosis? phenylalanine ketonuria Your patient presents with frequent respiratory infections, enlarged heart, sinus problems, and biliary and hepatic system issues. What is your diagnosis? cystic fibrosis Your patient presents with petechiae, ecchymoses, GI hemorrhage, epistaxis, hematuria, and abnormal bleeding in mucous membranes. What is your diagnosis? Thrombocytopenia Your patient presents with fatigue, cachexia, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, infection, and pain. What is your diagnosis? Cancer Your patient presents with sensations of impending doom, anxiety, hoarse voice, hypotension, angioedema, and difficulty breathing. What is your diagnosis? anaphylactic shock Your patient presents with underdeveloped testes and prostate, breast development, no facial hair, wide hips, narrow shoulder, and big hands and feet. What is your diagnosis? Kleinfelter's (XXY) Your patient presents with developmental delays, autism, attention difficulties, stuttering, difficulty sleeping, loose joints, and large forehead with protruding ears and jaw. What is your diagnosis? Fragile X Syndrome Fragile X is the "most common..."? hereditary cause of autism Your patient presents with learning disabilities, speech delays, impulsivities, severe teenage cystic acne, tall and uncoordinated adult. What is your diagnosis? Jacob's (XYY) Your patient presents with protruding tongue and umbilicus, jaundice and dry skin, hypotonic and slow reflexes, hoarse cry, heart defects, and mental and growth retardation. What is your diagnosis? congenital hypothyroidism Congenital hypothyroidism is the "most common..."? neonatal endocrine disorder and cause of mental retardation Your patient presents with short, thick, webbed neck, short stature, lack of puberty, no breast development, cardiac and renal defects, and ear infections. What is your diagnosis? Turner's (Xo) Your patient presents with epicanthic folds of eyelids, mental retardation, low-set ears, single palmar crease, heart defects, hypothyroidism, conductive hearing loss, and a large tongue lacking a central crease. What is your diagnosis? Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) Down syndrome is the "most common..."? chromosomal disorder and cause of early miscarriage Your patient presents with fatigue, fever, frequent infections, palpitations, bleeding gums, nausea, weight loss, hematuria, and bone and joint pain. What is your diagnosis? Leukemia Why are older adults more susceptible to anemia? lower blood volume and plasma proteins, bone marrow produces fewer blood cells, lymphocytes and antibodies less reactive, hemoglobin levels fall Which of the following is the diagnosis for pernicious anemia? A: low RBC count, low MCV, low B12 B: low RBC count, high MCV, low B12 C: high RBC count, low MCV, low B12 D: high RBC count, high MCV, low B12