A patient reports taking an oral bisacodyl laxative for several years. Which of the following instructions should be given to guide the discontinuation of the laxative?
· Withdraw from the laxative slowly to avoid a reb
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A patient reports taking an oral bisacodyl laxative for several years. Which of the following instructions should be given to guide the discontinuation of the laxative?
· Withdraw from the laxative slowly to avoid a rebound constipation effect.
· Stop taking the oral laxative and use a suppository until normal motility resumes.
· Stop taking the laxative immediately and expect no stool for several days.
· Switch to a bulk-forming laxative, such as methylcellulose.
(Ans-
· Stop taking the laxative immediately and expect no stool for several days.
A patient who has been taking senna for several days reports that her urine is yellowish brown. Which of the following responses is the most appropriate response?
· It indicates that renal failure has occurred.
· It is caused by dehydration, which is a laxative side effect.
· It is an expected, harmless effect of senna.
· It is a sign of toxicity; this drug must be discontinued.
(Ans- · It is an expected, harmless effect of senna.
DTaP
(Ans-
Five doses:
#1: 2 months
#2: 4 months
#3: 6 months
#4: between 15 and 18 months
#5: between 4 and 6 years
Booster every 10 years thereafter starting at age 11 years
Who should receive the Tdap vaccine?
(Ans- A booster shot with Tdap is recommended for all children 11-18 years old. every 10 years after that.
True contraindication for DTaP or Tdap vaccine:
(Ans-
• A shock like state
• Fever (105°F or higher) occurring within 48 hours of vaccination and not attributable to another identifiable cause
• Persistent, inconsolable crying lasting 3 or more hours and occurring within 48 hours of vaccination
• Seizures (with or without fever) occurring within 3 days of vaccination
history of anaphylactic reaction or encephalopathy within 7 days of vaccine
Varicella Vaccine Contraindications
(Ans-
Pregnancy, certain cancers (leukemia, lymphomas, hypersensitivity to neomycin or gelatin, immunocompromised. Concern for Reye syndrome in children.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine Contraindications
(Ans- Soreness at injection site and mild to moderate fever. Prior anaphylactic reaction to the vaccine itself or baker's yeast.
Attenuated vaccine
(Ans- Composed of live microbes that have been weakened or rendered completely avirulent.
Live virus vaccine
(Ans- Composed of living microbes that have been weakened or rendered completely avirulent.
Toxoid vaccine
(Ans- A bacterial toxin changed to a nontoxic form. Administration causes the receipt's immune system to manufacture antibodies.
DTAP, TETANUS
immunity - What are they and how is each one achieved?
(Ans- Immunity is achieved through the occurrence of antibodies to a specific disease.
Herd (Community) immunity:
(Ans- The resistance to an infectious organism because a large group of people is immune to the infectious organism through vaccine.
Active immunity:
(Ans- The immune system produces antibodies in response to an antigen by the vaccine, or by the infection itself.
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