2. Use the provided figure (top of next page) to recreate Tanya’s napkin image. Draw a graph
depicting the typical action potential of an autorhythmic cell. Make sure to include a label and
units for the x and y axes,
...
2. Use the provided figure (top of next page) to recreate Tanya’s napkin image. Draw a graph
depicting the typical action potential of an autorhythmic cell. Make sure to include a label and
units for the x and y axes, the resting potential, the threshold potential, and make sure values
drawn are representative of actual values
3. Now write out a description of the ion movement and channel opening and closing that are
responsible for the above graph in autorhythmic cells. Describe what happens in words. Then,
add ion types and movement (in or out; influx or efflux) on the graph you drew
4. Use the provided figure (bottom of next page) to recreate Tanya’s napkin image. Draw the
standard action potential of a myocardial (cardiac) contractile cell. Make sure to include a label
and units for the x and y axes, the resting potential, the threshold potential, and make sure
5. Now, write out a description of the ion movement and channel opening and closing that are
responsible for the above graph in myocardial contractile cells. Describe what happens in
Case Study 9
words. Then, add ion types and movement (in or out; influx or efflux) on the graph you drew.
6. What are the signs and symptoms that Tanya is experiencing?
7. Using the information provided by the NIH Medline website (), determine what Talei should do
to prevent rapid spreading of the venom until the paramedics arrive.
8. Using the below table, hypothesize if the atracotoxin would impact each of the below. Answer
Yes, No, or Possibly.
Nerve Cell Skeletal Muscle
Cell
Autorhythmic
Cell
Contractile Cell
Resting potential yes yes yes yes
Depolarization
portion of AP
no no possibly no
Repolarization
portion of AP
yes yes yes yes
9. Use the answers you came up with for Question 8 and sketch how the AP of each of the
below cells would look after being exposed to atracotoxin. Then, beside each graph, briefly
describe your reasoning. For this question, it is likely easiest to assume that the cell was at rest
Case Study 9
and then exposed to the toxin (but you are welcome to think about different scenarios for the
answers; if you choose a different scenario, please state that in your answer).
9a. nerve cell:
9c. autorhythmic cell:
9d. contractile cell:
10. What signs and symptoms is Julien experiencing?
11. Based on what the physician stated, how do you think this toxin would impact the action
potentials and function of autorhythmic cells and the activity of the heart? State your hypothesis,
and then draw a graph to accompany your predicted outcome
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