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Principles Of Neurobiology 2nd Edition By Liqun Luo Test Bank

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CHAPTER 1: AN INVITATION TO NEUROBIOLOGY © 2016 GARLAND SCIENCE Nature and Nurture in Brain Function and Behavior 1–1 Twin studies found the following correlation coefficients (r) for monozygot... ic (MZ) vs. dizygotic (DZ) twins: rMZ rDZ Alcoholism (males) 0.4 0.21 Autism 0.65 0.1 Reading disability 0.75 0.45 Schizophrenia 0.5 0.19 Data from Plomin R, Owen MJ & McGuffin P (1994) Science 264:1733–1739. Which mental trait has the lowest heritability (contribution of genetic differences to trait differences)? Briefly explain your reasoning. 1–2 In twin studies, ‗environmental factors‘ are any factors not inherited from parents' DNA. These would include: (a) methylation of fetal DNA due to smoking during pregnancy. (b) random mutation during early embryonic development. (c) availability of folic acid during pregnancy. (d) viral infection during pregnancy. (e) All of the above 1–3 Both male insects (such as fruit flies and crickets) and songbirds (such as canaries) produce species-specific songs in order to attract mates. What sorts of experiments could be used to determine whether these courtship behaviors are learned vs. innate? 1–4 Experiments in which juvenile or adult barn owls are fitted with prisms that cause a mismatch between auditory and visual stimuli demonstrate that: (a) owls that learned a task as juveniles can relearn it as adults, and novel tasks can still be learned in adulthood as long as training is more gradual. (b) neural plasticity—in this case, the ability to adjust the auditory map—is completely lost by the time the owls reach maturity. (c) owls that adjusted their auditory maps to large mismatches with the visual field as juveniles can still do so if fitted with prisms as adults. (d) naive adults fitted with prisms are able to adjust their auditory maps to large mismatches with the visual field. [Show More]

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