NURS 350 - Week 5 Exam
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Week 5 Exam
Brain has 3 parts: cerebrum, cerebellum, and the brain stem
o Cerebrum controls vision, hearing, reading, thinking, learning, speech, and
emotions.
Divided into left and rig
...
ht hemispheres
Right side controls the left and vice versa
Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
o Cerebellum controls balance, coordination, and fine muscle controls to maintain
posture and equilibrium
o The brain stem connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord and contains the mid
brain, pons, medulla which control fundamental body functions (breathing, eye
movements, blood pressure, heart rate, etc.)
o Brain tissue is 78% while cerebrospinal fluid is 10% and intravascular blood is
12%
Brain and spinal cord are very fragile, but skull and meninges protect brain; bones of
spinal column protect the cord; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounds and cushions the
brain and spinal cord
Spinal cord has 5 sections: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
What defines adequate intracranial regulation?
o Circle of Willis supplies oxygenated blood to the brain so has to be patent with
good blood flow (can also do collateral circulation if there is some ischemia)
o Must be functioning neurons, neurotransmitters, adequate perfusion of blood,
oxygen, & glucose (brain uses 25% of body’s glucose), adequate autoregulation
of BBB, cranial nerve function, and enough CSF
o BBB- blood brain barrier must be intact: acts like a gate that allows only certain
things to enter brain.
Protects against infection, and pathogens, and harmful toxins (some
drugs can go in)
Does let in glucose
If the BBB becomes damaged with trauma, radiation, infection, etc., it
opens up becoming more porous ad allows bacteria and other toxins to
infect the brain tissue inflammation and sometimes death
Stimulants and depressants of CNS usually can cross ov
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