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: A BRIEF HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY[CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+]

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CHAPTER 1: A BRIEF HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY The Early Years of Microbiology 1. What Does Life Really Look Like? a. Antoni Van Leeuwhoek i. The first man to discover the bacterial world ii. Referre... d to microbes/microorganisms as “beasties” iii. Discovered microbes such as bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae and small multicellular animals. iv. He did not, however, discover viruses. These require an electron microscope since they’re too small to be seen. 2. How Can Microbes Be Classified? a. Bacteria and Archaea i. Both bacteria and archaea are prokaryotic, meaning that they do not have a nucleus (aka, genetic material is not surrounded by a membrane). ii. Bacterial cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan (a polysaccharide). iii. Archaeal cell walls lack peptidoglycan and are composed of other chemicals instead. 1. Archaea also live in extreme environments and none are known to cause disease b. Fungi i. Fungal cells are eukaryotic ii. Obtain food from other organisms (differ than plants) iii. They have cell walls (differ from animal cells) 1. Molds a. Multicellular b. Sexual and asexual 1 https://www.coursehero.com/file/25913687/Ch-1-Outlinedocx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com c. Spore reproduction 2. Yeasts a. Unicellular b. Asexual budding c. Oval/round shape iv. Protozoa 1. Single-celled eukaryotes 2. “First animals” 3. Locomotion: 3 types a. Pseudopods b. Cilia c. Flagella v. Algae 1. Unicelluar or multicellular 2. Photosynthetic eukaryotes 3. Categorized by pigmentation and structure of cell walls 3. The Golden Age of Microbiology a. Does Microbial Life Spontaneously Generate? i. Abiogenesis or spontaneous generation was widely known due to Aristotle’s belief in it ii. Redi’ experiment challenged the belief of spontaneous generation iii. Needham’s experiment proposed the spontaneous generation theory, as his tightly sealed cork vials grew microbial life, believing that there must be a “life force” iv. Spallanzani’s Experiments debunked Needham’s findings when his vials did not allow microorganisms to grow. He concluded: 1. Needhams didn’t heat his vials enough, or seal them tightly 2. Microorganisms exist in the air and can contaminate 3. Spontaneous generation of microorganisms doesn’t occur v. Louis Pasteur’s swan neck experiments proved spontaneous generation does not occur vi. The scientific method was developed over the argument of spontaneous generation 1. Observation develop a question 2. This generates a hypothesis that answers this question 3. Test this hypothesis with an experiment 4. Results b. What causes fermentation? i. Pasteur’s Experiments 1. Discovered yeast creates the fermentation [Show More]

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