American Government Exam 1 Study Guide

Q’s 1-25 are for Chapter 1. Q’s 26-50 are for Chapter 2. Q’s 51-75 are Chapter 3. Q’s 76-100 are for Chapter 12 If you see the word “NOT” at the end of a question, it means that the test question will be worded somethi ...

Q’s 1-25 are for Chapter 1. Q’s 26-50 are for Chapter 2. Q’s 51-75 are Chapter 3. Q’s 76-100 are for Chapter 12 If you see the word “NOT” at the end of a question, it means that the test question will be worded something like this: “Which of the following is NOT...” Chapter 1 What do political scientists mean by the term efficacy? citizens' belief that they have the ability to achieve something desirable and that the government listens to people like them 2. In which presidential election was voter turnout by 18-24-year-olds the HIGHEST? 1976 3. Political engagement can be defined as what? Citizen actions that are intended to solve public problems through political means 4. "A quality conferred on government by citizens who believe that its exercise of power is right and proper" is known as what? Legitimacy 5. What is the foundation of the legal structure of the United States? Federal Constitution 6. Which type of government sees power held in the hands of an elite few? Oligarchy 7. Which type of government places the supreme power of governance in the hands of citizens? Democracy 8. Which types of governmental structure essentially control every aspect of citizens' lives? Totalitarian 9. Which country today is considered an authoritarian state system? China 10. Which country today is considered a totalitarian state system? North Korea 11. Which phrase best describes the form of government of the United States? Constitutional Democracy 12. Which type of governmental structure is limited, or restricted in its actions, so that citizens' rights are protected? Constitutional 13. What does the Greek term demokratia translate to mean? People power 14. How is social contract defined? an agreement between people and their leaders in which the people agree to give up some liberties so that their other liberties are protected 15. Who constructed the concept of natural law, which asserts that standards that govern human behavior are derived fr from human nature and can be universally applied? Newton 16. According to which philosopher, without the rule of a strong monarch, people would lead lives that were "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." Thomas Hobbes 17. According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, government that is created by the people is dependent on the authority of the people to rule, which is otherwise known as what? Popular Sovereignty 18. What structure of government, in which citizens decide policy through majority rule, was formed by the colonists in New England who fled religious persecution in England? Direct democracy 19. What is another name for indirect democracy, where citizens elect representatives who decide policies on their behalf? Representative democracy 20. In political culture, such which value is considered the MOST essential quality of American democracy? Liberty; it is both the freedom from the governmental interference in citizens' lives and the freedom to pursue happiness 21. In the early years of the American republic, for whom was the right to vote generally restricted to? White land owning males 22. Which of the liberties protected by the Constitution illustrates the intimate relationship between individual and community life favored by the Constitution's framers? Freedom of assembly 23. What type of framework(s) does political ideology provide for? politics, policy issues, and the role of government in society 24. What are the key tenets of classical liberalism? NOT freedom of thought and the free exchange of ideas limited governmental authority the consent of the governed the rule of law in society the importance of an unfettered market economy individual initiative as a determinant of success access to free public education 25. Which political ideology places the greatest emphasis on traditional values? Conservatism Chapter 2 26. What are the main features contained within written constitutions? statement of governments mission descriptions of its foundational structures details of operating procedures 27. According to the Constitution, what is the role of each of the main branches of government? legeslative: makes the laws Judicial: interprets Executive: enforcesd