N5315 / N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Module 5 Study Guide (Latest Update) - University of Texas at Arlington

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N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Module 5 Study Guide Cardiovascular - Core Concepts and Objectives with Advanced Organizers Examine the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. Car ... diovascular Anatomy and Physiology • Explain the cardiac structure and blood flow through the heart chambers/valves. • four chambers:  2 atria • Lay on top of ventricles • Receptables for blood received from body or lungs  2 ventricles • Larger chambers of the heart • Responsible for pumping action of the heart • Left ventricle is larger than right because its workload is great • Right ventricle pumps blood to lungs • Left ventricle pumps blood to rest of body and has much higher afterload to push against  ↑ pressure in left side than right side of heart  Atria and ventricles separated by septum which divides into right and left side  3 layers of heart: • Endocardium: o Innermost layer which comes in contact w/ blood o Made of simple squamous epithelium and underlying connective tissue • Myocardium: o Middle layer o Contains myocytes which are responsible for contraction • Pericardium: o Outermost layer; made up of 2 layers:  Fibrous pericardium: • Made of connective tissue • Provides the heart w/ stability by connecting to the sternum anteriorly and diaphragm inferiorly  Serous pericardium: • Made up of 2 layers: o Epicardium (visceral layer):  Lays directly over heart  Contains coronary artery o Parietal layer:  Lays above epicardium and underneath fibrous pericardium • Blood flow: 1. deoxygenated blood enters R atrium from body 2. blood travels from R atrium through tricuspid valve to R ventricle 3. blood travel from R ventricle through pulmonic valve into pulmonary artery (only artery in body which carries deoxygenated blood) into lungs 4. blood goes to alveoli  gas exchange 5. oxygenated blood enters pulmonary vein and is delivered to L atrium 6. blood travels from L atrium through mitral valve into L ventricle 7. blood travels from L ventricle through aortic valve into aorta 8. blood travels from aorta to the rest of the body to deliver O2 and nutrients • Describe which coronary arteries provide blood to which part of the heart. • L coronary artery branches off into:  L anterior descending artery  supplies blood to anterior 2/3rd of intraventricular septum, anterior papillary muscles, and anterior surface of L ventricle • Coronary artery occlusion occurs most commonly in LAD  L marginal artery (obtuse marginal artery)  supplies blood to the L ventricle, mostly anterior side  L circumflex artery  supplies blood to lateral and posterior walls of L ventricle and L atrium • Second most common site for coronary artery occlusion • R coronary artery branches off into:  R coronary artery  supplies blood to SA and AV nodes in R atrium and both ventricles; supplies more blood to R ventricle • Second most common site for coronary artery occlusion  R marginal artery  supplies blood to anterior and posterior portions of R ventricle  Posterior descending artery (interventricular artery)  supplies blood to posterior 1/3rd of interventricular septum, posterior wall of both ventricles, and posteromedial papillary muscles • Coronary arterial blood supply can be right or left dominant, but right is most common (85%)  R dominant: posterior descending artery arises from the R coronary artery [Show More]

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