N5315 / N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Module 7 Study Guide (Latest Update) - University of Texas at Arlington

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N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Module 7 Study Guide Neurologic System Core Knowledge Objectives with Advanced Organizers Examine the anatomy and physiology of the Central Nervous System. • Di ... scuss the anatomy and physiology of the brain and brain stem. • Explain the function of the twelve cranial nerves p. 457 Cranial Nerve Function Sign of Dysfunction I (olfactory) • Sense of smell II (optic) • Vision III (oculomotor) • Motor fibers to inferior oblique and to superior, inferior, and medial rectus extraocular muscles that direct eyeball IV (trochlear) • Proprioceptor and motor fibers for superior oblique muscle of eye V (trigeminal) • Motor and sensory for face • Conducts sensory impulses from mouth, nose, surface of eye, and dura mater • Contains motor fibers that stimulate chewing VI (abducens) • Contains motor fibers to lateral rectus muscle and proprioceptor fibers from same muscle to brain VII (facial) • Supplies motor fibers to muscles of facial expression and to lacrimal and salivary glands • Carries sensory fibers from taste buds of anterior part of tongue VIII (vestibulocochlear; acoustic) • Vestibular branch transmits impulses for sense of equilibrium • Cochlear branch transmits impulses for sense of hearing IX (glossopharyngeal) • Motor fibers serve pharynx (throat) and salivary glands • Sensory fibers carry impulses from pharynx, posterior tongue (taste buds), and pressure receptors of carotid artery X (vagus) • Fibers carry sensory and motor impulses for pharynx • Large part of this nerve is parasympathetic motor fibers, which supply smooth muscles of abd organs • Receives sensory impulses from viscera XI (spinal accessory) • Provides sensory and motor fibers for sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles and muscles of soft palate, pharynx, and larynx XII (hypoglossal) • Carries motor fibers to muscles of tongue and sensory impulses from tongue to brain • Explain the function of the cerebrum, cerebellum, parietal lobe, frontal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, brain stem, reticular formation reticular activating system, and limbic system. Lobe Location Function Sign of Injury/Lesion / Disorder Cerebrum Frontal • Directs contralateral voluntary skeletal muscle movement • Communication (talking, writing) • Emotions • Intellect • Reasoning • Judgement • Behavior • Broca’s area: speech Temporal Lies inferior to lateral fissure • Interprets impulses from the ear • Wernicke’s area: interprets auditory stimuli Parietal Lies w/in borders of central, parietooccipital, and lateral sulci • Interprets tactile sensation: o Touch o Pain o Temp o Shapes o 2-point discrimination Occipital Lies caudal to parietooccipital sulci and superior to cerebellum • Comprehension • Reading ability • Primary visual receptor center Cerebellum Behind the brain stem • Coordination • Smoothing of voluntary movements • Maintenance of equilibrium • Maintenance of muscle tone Brain Stem Midbrain: Pons: Medulla: Midbrain: • Relay center for ear and eye reflexes • Relays signals between cerebrum, pons, medulla, cerebellum, and spinal cord Pons: • Links cerebellum to the cerebrum and the midbrain to the medulla • Reflex actions • Balance • Breathing regulation • posture Medulla oblongata: • respiratory function • HR • BP • Swallowing • Coughing • vomiting [Show More]

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