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Exam 3 Study Guide

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IMMUNE RESPONSE Pathophysiology: Most important function of inflammation and immunity is to provide protection against invading organisms. - 5 cardinal signs of inflammation: Redness, warmth, pain s ... welling, decreased function Natural (Innate) Immunity: Present at birth; immediate response to foreign invaders - Skin, chemicals in the blood and immune system cells (inflammatory response) - Phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells), mast cells, eosinophils (increase during allergic reaction and parasitic invasion), basophils, and natural killer cells o These cells identify and eliminate pathogens and are also important mediators in the activation of the adaptive immune system Acquired (adaptive or specific) Immunity: Not present at birth; As the immune system encounters foreign substances (antigens) a memory is developed for that antigen - Lymphocytes like B cells and T cells o Derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow - Two types: o Active: Your body has been exposed to the antigen by disease or immunization o Passive: You DON’T produce the antibodies; mother passes them through the placenta OSTEOARTHRITIS Pathophysiology: Most common arthritis; Progressive loss of cartilage where bone and cartilage “float” into joint causing crepitus Treatment: Drug therapy, rest, immobilization, positioning, thermal modalities, weight control, integrative therapies (glucosamine and chondroitin), surgery (total joint arthroplasty/replacements, arthroscopy, osteotomy) Expected findings: Joint pain (loss of function with progressive deterioration), osteophytes (bone spurs), stiffness, crepitus, Heberden’s nodes, Bouchard’s nodes, joint effusions, atrophy of skeletal muscle Abnormal findings Patient teachings: Obesity can lead to OA- LOSING WEIGHT CAN HELP PREVENT OA Medications: - Acetaminophen (Tylenol) DRUG OF CHOICE - Glucosamine: Can increase blood glucose levels - NSAIDS (short term use) - Methotrexate - Leflunomide (Arava) - Corticosteroids - Biological response modifiers ...................................Continued................................................................ [Show More]

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