IMMUNE RESPONSE
Pathophysiology: Most important function of inflammation and immunity is to provide protection against invading organisms.
- 5 cardinal signs of inflammation: Redness, warmth, pain swelling, decreased f
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IMMUNE RESPONSE
Pathophysiology: Most important function of inflammation and immunity is to provide protection against invading organisms.
- 5 cardinal signs of inflammation: Redness, warmth, pain swelling, decreased function Natural (Innate) Immunity: Present at birth; immediate response to foreign invaders
- Skin, chemicals in the blood and immune system cells (inflammatory response)
- Phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells), mast cells, eosinophils (increase during allergic reaction and parasitic invasion), basophils, and natural killer cells
o These cells identify and eliminate pathogens and are also important mediators in the activation of the adaptive immune system
Acquired (adaptive or specific) Immunity: Not present at birth; As the immune system encounters foreign substances (antigens) a memory is developed for that antigen
- Lymphocytes like B cells and T cells
o Derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow
- Two types:
o Active: Your body has been exposed to the antigen by disease or immunization
o Passive: You DON’T produce the antibodies; mother passes them through the placenta
OSTEOARTHRITIS
Pathophysiology: Most common arthritis; Progressive loss of cartilage where bone and cartilage “float” into joint causing crepitus
Treatment: Drug therapy, rest, immobilization, positioning, thermal modalities, weight control, integrative therapies (glucosamine and chondroitin), surgery (total joint arthroplasty/replacements, arthroscopy, osteotomy)
Expected findings: Joint pain (loss of function with progressive deterioration), osteophytes (bone spurs), stiffness, crepitus, Heberden’s nodes, Bouchard’s nodes, joint effusions, atrophy of skeletal muscle
Abnormal findings
Patient teachings: Obesity can lead to OA- LOSING WEIGHT CAN HELP PREVENT OA
Medications:
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol) DRUG OF CHOICE
- Glucosamine: Can increase blood glucose levels
- NSAIDS (short term use)
- Methotrexate
- Leflunomide (Arava)
- Corticosteroids
- Biological response modifiers
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