NURS 6501 Midterm Exam Review Guide (Weeks 1-6); 100% VERIFIED
Evaluate cellular processes and alterations within cellular processes
Cellular processes, such as transcription, DNA replication,
and DNA repair, are r
...
NURS 6501 Midterm Exam Review Guide (Weeks 1-6); 100% VERIFIED
Evaluate cellular processes and alterations within cellular processes
Cellular processes, such as transcription, DNA replication,
and DNA repair, are regulated by an intimate and selfreinforcing crosstalk and interdependence between histonemodifying complexes and other histone-modifying activities,
such as acetylation, phosphorylation, and methylation.
Cellular processes are mediated through the complex action of
several biological molecules through biochemical or biophysical
interactions. Comprehensive understanding of the network will
hence help to better understand the molecular mechanism
underlying human diseases. Proteins “A” and “B” serve as hub
proteins (schematic 1). An alteration (mutation) that removes
one of the hub proteins (schematic 2) could lead to a
significantly more severe outcome compared to an alteration
that affects only a single edge (schematic 3), which could
explain how different alteration in the same gene could lead to a
different disease phenotype.
• Analyze alterations in the immune system that result in disease
processes
Autoimmune diseases originate from the coincidence of an
initiating event in a genetically predisposed individual leading to
an autoimmune mechanism that affects specific target tissues
or cells. Central tolerance develops during the embryonic
period. Peripheral tolerance is maintained in secondary
lymphoid organs by regulatory T lymphocytes or antigenpresenting dendritic cells.
Inappropriate immune responses are misdirected responses
against the host’s own tissues (autoimmunity); directed
responses against beneficial foreign tissues, such as
transfusions or transplants (alloimmunity); exaggerated
responses against environmental antigens (allergy); or
insufficient responses to protect the host (immune deficiency).
• Identify racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological
functioning
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