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NURS6521 / NURS 6521 Week 3 Summary Notes (Latest Update): Advanced Pharmacology - Walden

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NURS 6521 - Advanced Pharmacology Week 3 Summary Notes Chapter 60 Chapter 60: Asthma Chronic disorder that occurs in 1/11 children and 1/12 adults s/s include breathlessness, tightness in chest,... wheezing, dyspnea and cough. Underlying cause is immune-mediated inflammation. Patho: Chronic inflammatory d/o of airways. In approx. 50% of patients, cause of inflammation is allergens. Stages 1. Binding of allergen molecule to immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies on mast cells 2. Mast cell releases mediators incl. histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and interleukens (IL) 3. These mediators immediately cause bronchoconstriction and promote infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells (eos, leukos, macros) 4. Inflammatory cells release mediators 5. End result is airway inflammation characterized by edema, mucus plugging and smooth muscle hypertrophy which all obstruct airflow and causes bronchial hyperreactivity. COPD Chronic, progressive, largely irreversible d/o characterized by airflow restrictions and inflammation. Usually preventable. Common causes: smoking. S/s chronic cough, excessive sputum production, wheezing, dyspnea, poor exercise tolerance. 3rd leading cause of death in America Patho: Symptoms largely result from 1. Chronic bronchitis – chronic cough and excessive sputum production -results from hypertrophy of mucus-secreting glands in the epithelium of the larger airways 2. Emphysema – enlargement of the air space within the bronchioles and alveoli brought on by deterioration of the walls of the air spaces. [Show More]

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