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NR 565 - Week 7 & 8 Final Exam Study Outline

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NR565 Week 7 & 8 Final Exam Study Outline Chapter 34: GERD and PUD (1021-1028) Ch. 20: Drugs affecting the GI system (497-533) ANTACIDS Antacids neutralize acids in the GI tract. Different combination... s have differing acid neutralizing capacities. Sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate have the highest absolute neutrophil count (ANC)  Pharmacodynamics o Antacids neutralize gastric acid in the GI tract causing an increased pH in the stomach and the duodenal bulb. Antacids contain various combinations of metallic cation. o Metallic cation + basic ion o Common metallic cation= Aluminum, Calcium, Magnesium o Basic anion = Hydroxide , Bicarbonate, Carbonate  Clinical Uses: o Hyperacidity: antacids used for symptomatic relief of heartburn, may take four times per day or more o Discuss maximum dosages with patient o Peptic ulcer disease - May be used as adjunct to peptic ulcer disease (PUD) triple therapy treatment o Used after meals and at bedtime o GERD - Antacids are over-the-counter (OTC) and often-used first before patient seeks care. May be given every 30 to 60 minutes until symptoms subside. Maintenance after meals and bedtime. Histamine2 receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are first-line therapy. o Calcium deficiency- Chronic renal failure: 1,000 mg calcium carbonate daily o Osteoporosis prevention - Men and premenopausal women: 1,000 mg daily Postmenopausal women: 1,500 mg daily o Doses higher than 2,000 mg/day not recommended  Monitoring o Magnesium level in elderly patients who use magnesium-containing products chronically  Precautions and contraindications o Abdominal pain of unknown cause o Calcium-based antacids contraindicated if patient is hypercalcemic or has renal calculi. o Magnesium-based antacids are contraindicated in patients with renal failure or renal insufficiency. o Aluminum-based antacids should not be used in patients with renal failure on dialysis. [Show More]

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