Test Bank for Nursing Pharmacology

Test Bank for Nursing Pharmacology Unit 1 (Kinetics & Dynamics) Topic: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (ADME) & Pharmacodynamics 1. What is the primary site for drug metabolism in the body? A. Kidneys B. ...

Test Bank for Nursing Pharmacology Unit 1 (Kinetics & Dynamics) Topic: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (ADME) & Pharmacodynamics 1. What is the primary site for drug metabolism in the body? A. Kidneys B. Lungs C. Liver D. Intestines Answer: C. Liver Rationale: The liver is the main organ for drug metabolism, where enzymes such as CYP450 help transform drugs into less active metabolites for excretion. 2. Which pharmacokinetic phase involves drug movement from the site of administration into the bloodstream? A. Metabolism B. Absorption C. Excretion D. Distribution Answer: B. Absorption Rationale: Absorption is the first step in pharmacokinetics, where the drug enters circulation from the administration site. 3 | P a g e 3. What factor may decrease absorption of oral medications in older adults? A. Increased gastric acid B. Faster gastric emptying C. Decreased blood flow to GI tract D. Increased subcutaneous fat Answer: C. Decreased blood flow to GI tract Rationale: Age-related changes such as reduced GI blood flow can slow drug absorption in elderly patients. 4. Which of the following is an advantage of transdermal medication administration? A. Immediate peak effect B. Avoidance of the first-pass effect C. Reduced skin irritation D. Rapid onset of action Answer: B. Avoidance of the first-pass effect Rationale: Transdermal drugs bypass the liver initially, improving bioavailability and reducing metabolism losses. 5. What effect does albumin level have on drug distribution? A. No effect B. Low albumin increases free drug availability C. High albumin decreases free drug availability D. Both B and C Answer: D. Both B and C 4 | P a g e Rationale: Albumin binds drugs in plasma. Low levels increase free (active) drug, while high levels reduce it. 6. What is the "first-pass effect"? A. Drug bypasses liver metabolism B. Drug is inactivated before systemic circulation C. Drug binds immediately to receptors D. Drug is excreted unchanged Answer: B. Drug is inactivated before systemic circulation Rationale: Oral drugs pass through the liver first, where a significant portion may be metabolized and inactivated. 7. Which route offers 100% bioavailability? A. Oral B. Intramuscular C. Intravenous D. Subcutaneous Answer: C. Intravenous Rationale: IV administration delivers the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring complete bioavailability. 8. A drug has a long half-life. What does this indicate? A. Rapid excretion B. Frequent dosing C. Slow elimination D. Minimal metabolism Answer: C. Slow elimination 5 | P a g e Rationale: Half-life reflects the time taken for plasma concentration to halve; longer half-life means slower excretion. 9. What is pharmacodynamics primarily concerned with? A. Drug absorption B. Drug action on the body C. Drug excretion D. Drug metabolism Answer: B. Drug action on the body Rationale: Pharmacodynamics explores how a drug affects target cells and tissues, including receptor interactions. 10. Which is an example of a drug agonist? A. Atenolol blocking beta receptors B. Naloxone reversing opioid effect C. Albuterol stimulating beta-2 receptors D. Loratadine blocking histamine Answer: C. Albuterol stimulating beta-2 receptors Rationale: Agonists bind to and activate receptors. Albuterol activates beta-2 receptors, causing bronchodilation. 6 | P a g e 11. What lab value helps assess kidney function before drug administration? A. ALT B. AST C. Creatinine D. Hematocrit Answer: C. Creatinine Rationale: Serum creatinine and GFR indicate renal function, which is vital in determining safe drug dosing. 12. What factor may affect absorption of a drug in neonates? A. Increased liver enzyme activity B. Mature gastric acid production C. Decreased peristalsis D. Increased renal clearance Answer: C. Decreased peristalsis Rationale: Neonates have immature GI systems, leading to delayed gastric emptying and altered drug absorption. 13. Which best describes bioavailability? A. Drug's ability to dissolve in fat B. The rate of drug metabolism C. Proportion of a drug that reaches systemic circulation D. Time taken to eliminate a drug Answer: C. Proportion of a drug that reaches systemic circulation Rationale: Bioavailability determines how much of the administered drug is available in the bloodstream to exert its effect.