1. Charles Darwin was a British scientist who published on of the most influential works of
science in 1859 (p.498). The term “survival of the fittest” was and still is a very common
term that derived from Darwin’s wor
...
1. Charles Darwin was a British scientist who published on of the most influential works of
science in 1859 (p.498). The term “survival of the fittest” was and still is a very common
term that derived from Darwin’s work. During the Gilded Age, the language borrowed from
Darwin became prevalent during public discussions of social problems. The term Social
Darwinism concluded that evolution was as natural a process in human society as in nature,
and government must not interfere (p.498). In other words, the poor were responsible for
their own actions that led them to poverty. William G Sumner was one of the most influential
Social Darwinists during that time. Sumner believed that the acceptance of inequality was a
requirement of freedom.
2. In 1870, farmers in the South and the West were suffering from poverty and the inability to
repay their mortgage loans. They founded the Farmer’s Alliance as an attempt to fix their
situation. Their proposal was for the government to establish warehouses for them to store
their crops until sold (p.510). By 1890, the Farmer’s Alliance evolved into The Populist
Party. Upon speaking to help improve the situations for all producing classes, The Populist
Party also gained the support of miners and industrial workers (p.510). The Populist Party
was known for their plans and continuous efforts for political action to create the social
conditions of freedom (p.511).
3. The Black Cabinet was a group of advisors that were a part of President Franklin D.
Roosevelt’s administration in the 1930’s. Roosevelt appointed Mary McLeod Bethune and
other African Americans to important positions within the federal government. Key members
of his administration including his wife, Eleanor Roosevelt, sought out to direct national
attention to the injustices of segregation, disenfranchisement, and lynching (p.666).
4. World War II redrew the boundaries of American nationality (p.675). Japanese internment
was the removal of over 100,000 Japanese Americans from their homes and confined them to
internment camps, despite the fact that they were American citizens. This derived from
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Executive Order 9066, which was issued in 1942, ordering the
expulsion of all citizens of Japanese descent from the West coast (p.694). Since the United
States was at war with Japan, Caucasian Americans saw the Japanese internment as an
opportunity to seize and gain possession of Japanese American property (p.694).
5.
2
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