DehydrationSynthesis_Gizmo_studentExploration

Student Exploration: Dehydration Synthesis Adapted from ExploreLearning “Dehydration Synthesis” Gizmo Access Gizmo through Clever! It will NOT work unless you do so!!!! Answer in a different color and/or font style to ...

Student Exploration: Dehydration Synthesis Adapted from ExploreLearning “Dehydration Synthesis” Gizmo Access Gizmo through Clever! It will NOT work unless you do so!!!! Answer in a different color and/or font style to receive credit. Answers must be in your own words! Vocabulary: carbohydrate, chemical formula, dehydration synthesis, disaccharide, glucose, hydrolysis, monosaccharide, polysaccharide, valence Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. If you exercise on a hot day, you need to worry about dehydration. In this context, what do you think dehydration means? With a lot of exercising on a hot day we get dehydrated fast and we would need to drink water. We start to sweat and drink a lot of water to be rehydrated. 2. Astronauts and backpackers often bring dehydrated food. What do you think dehydrated food is? I think food that wouldn’t have any water molecules in it. 3. Gizmo Warm-up What do rice, potatoes, and sugar have in common? They are all foods rich in carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are an important energy source for your body. The basic building block of most carbohydrate compounds is the molecule glucose. Using the Dehydration Synthesis Gizmo™, you will learn about the structure of a glucose molecule and how glucose molecules can be joined together to make larger carbohydrate molecules. To begin, select the CREATE GLUCOSE tab. 1. Look at the chemical formula for glucose. How many carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms are found in a molecule of glucose? C:6 H:12 O:6 2. Turn on Show chemical structure. Each black sphere represents a carbon, hydrogen, or oxygen atom. The lines connecting the spheres represent chemical bonds. A. How many black spheres are in the diagram? 24 B. How does this relate to the number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the chemical formula for glucose? The 24 black spheres show the number of carbons, hydrogen, and oxygens Introduction: Each element tends to form a certain number of chemical bonds. This value is the valence of the element. For example, a carbon atom has a valence of four. Goal: Construct a molecule of glucose. Activity A: Build a glucose molecule Get the Gizmo ready:  Be sure the CREATE GLUCOSE tab is still selected. This study source was downloaded by 100000824015019 from CourseHero.com on 04-19-2021 18:10:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/50205201/DehydrationSynthesis-Gizmo-studentdoc/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com 1. Identify: The structure of a water molecule (H2O) can be written as H-O-H, with each dash representing a chemical bond. Count the number of bonds the oxygen and hydrogen atoms form in a water molecule. A. What is the valence of oxygen? two B. What is the valence of hydrogen? One 2. Build a model: Use the carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms from the Atoms box to build a glucose molecule on the empty hexagon in the building region. Use the chemical structure in the lower right as a guide and pay attention to the valence of each atom as you build. Once you think you have correctly constructed the glucose molecule, click Check. If necessary, continue to modify your molecule until it is correct. 3. Make a diagram: Congratulations, you have completed a molecule of glucose! Click the Tools tab and click Screen shot to take a snapshot of your completed molecule. Right click the image, click Copy, and then paste the image below. Label the image “Glucose.”  4. Explain: How did the valence of each element help you determine the structure of the glucose molecule? The number of valence electrons define how the elements combine. 5. Make connections: Carbon forms the backbone of every major type of biological molecule, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids. How does carbon’s high valence relate to its ability to form these large and complex biomolecules? It can bond to two or even three other carbon atoms and still form bonds to one or two other elements. Activity B: Dehydration synthesis Get the Gizmo ready:  Select the DEHYDRATION tab. Question: What occurs when two glucose molecules bond? 1. Infer: Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide, the simplest type of carbohydrate. A disaccharide is made from bonding two monosaccharides together. What do you think the prefixes mono- and di- mean? Mono-: monomers of sugars Di-: two monomers