BIOS-150 Human Biology with Lab Complete Practice Midterm/Final prep Multiple Choices Questions & Answers With Rationales Exam Update

CELL BIOLOGY & CHEMISTRY (Q1–15) 1. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production? A. Nucleus B. Ribosome C. Mitochondria D. Lysosome ✅ Answer: C 2. The cell membrane is best described as: A. A rigid ...

CELL BIOLOGY & CHEMISTRY (Q1–15) 1. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production? A. Nucleus B. Ribosome C. Mitochondria D. Lysosome ✅ Answer: C 2. The cell membrane is best described as: A. A rigid barrier B. A phospholipid bilayer with proteins C. A single layer of lipids D. Completely impermeable BIOS-150 Human Biology with Lab Complete Practice Midterm/Final prep Multiple Choices Questions & Answers With Rationales Exam Update ✅ Answer: B 3. Select ALL that apply: Functions of proteins ☐ Enzyme activity ☐ Structural support ☐ Genetic storage ☐ Transport ✅ Answers: ☑ Enzyme activity ☑ Structural support ☑ Transport 4. Osmosis refers to the movement of: A. Solutes across a membrane B. Water from low to high concentration C. Water across a selectively permeable membrane D. Ions using ATP ✅ Answer: C 5. Which pH value is most acidic? A. 1 B. 7 C. 9 D. 14 ✅ Answer: A SECTION I: CELL BIOLOGY (Questions 5–10) 5. Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes aligning at the cell’s equator? A. Prophase B. Metaphase C. Anaphase D. Telophase BIOS-150 Human Biology with Lab Complete Practice Midterm/Final prep Multiple Choices Questions & Answers With Rationales Exam Update ✅ Answer: B � � Rationale: During metaphase, chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate to ensure accurate separation. 6. Meiosis differs from mitosis because meiosis: A. Produces identical daughter cells B. Occurs in somatic cells C. Results in four genetically different cells D. Does not involve DNA replication ✅ Answer: C � � Rationale: Meiosis produces four haploid cells with genetic variation, essential for sexual reproduction. 7. Select ALL that apply: Characteristics of diffusion ☐ Passive process ☐ Requires ATP ☐ Movement from high to low concentration ☐ Occurs until equilibrium is reached ✅ Answers: ☑ Passive process ☑ Movement from high to low concentration ☑ Occurs until equilibrium is reached � � Rationale: Diffusion does not require energy and continues until concentrations equalize. 8. An enzyme functions by: A. Increasing activation energy B. Being consumed in the reaction C. Lowering activation energy D. Changing the final product ✅ Answer: C � � Rationale: Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering activation energy without being consumed. BIOS-150 Human Biology with Lab Complete Practice Midterm/Final prep Multiple Choices Questions & Answers With Rationales Exam Update 9. Enzyme activity is MOST affected by changes in: A. Light exposure B. Temperature and pH C. Pressure D. Cell size ✅ Answer: B � � Rationale: Extreme temperature or pH can denature enzymes and reduce function. 10. Homeostasis is best defined as: A. A static internal environment B. The body’s ability to eliminate waste C. Maintenance of a stable internal environment D. Cellular reproduction ✅ Answer: C � � Rationale: Homeostasis allows the body to maintain balance despite internal or external changes. � � BIOS-150: HUMAN BIOLOGY WITH LAB SECTION I–II (Questions 11–20) 11. Which level of biological organization is composed of similar cells performing a common function? A. Organ B. Organ system C. Tissue D. Organism ✅ Answer: C � � Rationale: Tissues are groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function. 12. Which of the following is NOT a basic type of human tissue? BIOS-150 Human Biology with Lab Complete Practice Midterm/Final prep Multiple Choices Questions & Answers With Rationales Exam Update A. Epithelial B. Connective C. Nervous D. Vascular ✅ Answer: D � � Rationale: The four basic tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.