NURSING > EXAM > TOEFL Ibt Practice Test: 60 Questions With Answers & Rationales (All)

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TOEFL Ibt Practice Test: 60 Questions With Answers & Rationales

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Reading Section (20 questions) Passage 1: The Economic Importance of Coral Reefs Coral reefs are often called the "rainforests of the sea" due to their remarkable biodiversity. These ecosystems provide habitat for approximately 25% of all marine species, despite covering less than 1% of the ocean floor. Beyond their ecological significance, coral reefs deliver substantial economic benefits to coastal communities worldwide. The economic value of coral reefs derives primarily from three sources: fisheries, tourism, and coastal protection. Fisheries dependent on coral reefs support millions of fishers and provide protein to coastal populations. Tourism associated with healthy reefs generates billions of dollars annually through diving, snorkeling, and recreational fishing. Additionally, reefs function as natural barriers, reducing wave energy by up to 97% and protecting shorelines from erosion and storm damage. A 2014 study estimated that reefs protect more than 200 million people from coastal hazards. However, these valuable ecosystems face unprecedented threats. Climate change induced ocean warming causes coral bleaching, a phenomenon where corals expel the symbiotic algae living in their tissues. Ocean acidification, also resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide, reduces the availability of calcium carbonate needed for coral skeleton formation. Local threats including overfishing, pollution, and coastal development compound these global stressors. Conservation efforts increasingly recognize the need to address both local and global threats. Marine protected areas have shown promise in restoring fish populations and improving reef resilience. Simultaneously, reducing greenhouse gas emissions remains essential for addressing the root causes of climate change. The economic arguments for reef conservation are compelling: the cost of restoring degraded reefs far exceeds the investment required for protection. 1. The word "remarkable" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to: A. ordinary B. extraordinary C. limited D. predictable Answer: B. extraordinary Rationale: "Remarkable" means worthy of attention or striking. In context, the biodiversity of coral reefs is being emphasized as exceptional, making "extraordinary" the closest synonym. "Ordinary" is an antonym, while "limited" and "predictable" do not match the positive emphasis of the passage.

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