As Level Chemistry Exam/with Complete solutions

AS Level Chemistry Examination Atomic number - Number of protons in an element Mass number - Number of protons and neutrons Ion - Electrically charged particle formed by the loss/gain of electrons Relative ...

AS Level Chemistry Examination Atomic number - Number of protons in an element Mass number - Number of protons and neutrons Ion - Electrically charged particle formed by the loss/gain of electrons Relative masses of P,N and E - 1,1, 1/2000 (respectively) Isotopes - Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons but same number of protons. What are steps of mass spectroscopy? - Ionization, Acceleration, Deflection, Detecting Ionization - A gaseous sample is bombarded with high energy electrons to create 1+ ions Acceleration - They are accelerated through magnetic/electric field Deflection - Ions are deflected through magnetic field according to mass (heavy - deflect least)(light - deflect most) Detection - A calibrated detector records degree of deflection and interprets this into mass What does mass spectroscopy provide? - Information about masses of particles inside machine and how often it's detected. What is shown on mass spectrum? - Different isotopes relative abundance and molecular peak is furthest to right Molecular ion peak - Peak corresponding to relative molecular mass of the compound (parent peak) Why are there sometimes line after the parent peak? - They are a result of carbon 13 isotope and isn't considered when identifying a compound 1st Ionization energy - The energy change when 1 mole of electrons is removed from 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous 1+ions Nth Ionization energy - Energy required to remove 1 electron feom each (n-1)+ ion in 1 mole of gaseous (n-1)+ ions to form 1 mole of gaseous n+ions Ground state - Natural state of existence with electrons in lowest energy position Orbital - Region around atom nucleus which can hold maximum of 2 electrons