Evolving Case Study - Sepsis (1)
History of Present Problem:
Jean Kelly is an 82-year-old woman who has been feeling more fatigued the last three days and has had a fever the last
twenty-four hours. She reports a
...
Evolving Case Study - Sepsis (1)
History of Present Problem:
Jean Kelly is an 82-year-old woman who has been feeling more fatigued the last three days and has had a fever the last
twenty-four hours. She reports a painful, burning sensation when she urinates as well as frequency of urination the last
week. Her daughter became concerned and brought her to the emergency department (ED) when she did not know what day it was. She is mentally alert with no history of confusion. While taking her bath today, she was weak and unable to get out of the tub and used her personal life alert button to call for medical assistance.
Personal/Social History:
Jean lives independently in a senior apartment retirement community. She is widowed and has two daughters who are
active and involved in her life.
What data from the histories are important and RELEVANT and have clinical significance for the nurse?
RELEVANT Data from Present Problem: Clinical Significance:
Fatigue, fever, painful, burning, and frequent urination. Changes in mental status. Patient is having symptoms of urinary tract infection request urinalysis.
Confusion is a common presentation of UTI in the elderly.
RELEVANT Data from Social History: Clinical Significance:
Lives independently in a senior apartment. Patient has a safe place for discharge.
What is the RELATIONSHIP of your patient’s past medical history (PMH) and current medications?
(Which medications treat which conditions?)
PMH Home Medications Pharm Classification Expected Outcome
Diabetes type 2 Hyperlipidemia Hypertension (HTN) Gout 1. Allopurinol 100 mg PO bid
Antigout agent Decreased Production of uric acid to reduce gout fares.
2. ASA 81 mg PO daily Antiplatelet/Salicylate Reduce platelet aggregation and clumping to prevent clotting.
3. Pioglitazone 15 mg PO daily Thiazolidinedione/antidiabetic Reduce and controls blood glucose levels.
4. Simvastatin 20 mg PO daily Antihypertensive Reduce cholesterol/blood lipid levels.
5. Metoprolol 25 mg PO bid Beta blocker Reduce blood pressure
6. Lisinopril 10 mg PO daily Ace inhibitor Reduce blood pressure
7. Furosemide 20 mg PO daily Loop diuretic Reduce BP through Diuresis
8. Potassium chloride 20 mEq PO daily K supplement Replaces K in the body last through diuresis.
Complete a Concept Map for DIABETES TYPE 2:
Disease Process
• Complete evaluation of Pathophysiology: What is the disease?
• Etiology (cause) of the disease?
• Chronicity of the disease? What happens long term?
• Prognosis of the patient with this disease? 1. Characterized by peripheral insulin resistance, impaired regulation of hepatic glucose production.
2. With type 2 diabetes, the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or it resists insulin.
3. Long term complications of type 2 diabetes are diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, diabetic neuropathy, and macrovascular problems.
4. The prognosis can be Heart attack, stroke, kidney disease which can result in premature death.
Risk Factors (List 3 or more) 1. Overweight or obese
2. Have high blood pressure
3. Have a low level of HDL cholesterol, or a high level of triglycerides.
Signs / Symptoms • Blurred vision
• Fatigue
• Increased thirst
• Weight loss
• Frequent urination
• Hyperglycemia
Potential Complications • Retinopathy
• Kidney disease
• Nerve Damage
• Macrovascular Complications
Medical Interventions
• Medications
• Labs
• Diagnostic studies.
Explain why these are used, or a specific study is done. • Antidiabetic medication
1. Metformin
2. Glipizide
3. Acarbose
4. Sitagliptin
• Labs
1. Fasting blood sugar
2. Two-hour postprandial test
3. Hemoglobin A1C
The labs are used to screen for high blood glucose levels, to detect and diagnose diabetes and prediabetes.
Nursing Diagnosis
List 3 or more nursing diagnosis in proper NANDA format:
• Diagnosis
• Related to
• Process causing symptoms
• As evidence by
Observed physiology or behavior 1. Risk for unstable blood glucose related to abnormal blood glucose readings as evidence by blood glucose being higher than 120.
2. Risk for infection related to high glucose levels, decreased leukocyte function, alterations in circulation as evidence by blood glucose being higher than 120.
3.
Nursing Interventions
List 3 or more nursing interventions relevant to the diagnosis listed above.
Complete a Concept Map for HYPERLIPIDEMIA:
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