Bios 255 Final exam review
Be familiar with left and right sided heart failure and what the consequences are (remember the case
study that we did in lecture and lab?)
(698) Left side: One cause of mitral insufficiency
...
Bios 255 Final exam review
Be familiar with left and right sided heart failure and what the consequences are (remember the case
study that we did in lecture and lab?)
(698) Left side: One cause of mitral insufficiency, in which there is backflow of blood from the left
ventricle into the left atrium, is mitral valve prolapse (MVP). In MVP one or both cusps of the mitral valve
protrude into the left atrium during ventricular contraction. Mitral valve prolapse is one of the most
common valvular disorders, affecting as much as 30% of the population. It is more prevalent in women
than in men, and does not always pose a serious threat. The left side of the heart receives blood rich in
oxygen from the lungs and pumps it to the remainder of the body. As the ability to pump blood forward
from the left side of the heart is decreased, the remainder of the body does not receive enough oxygen
especially when exercising. This results in fatigue. In addition, the pressure in the veins of the lung
increases, which may cause fluid accumulation in the lung. This results in shortness of
breath and pulmonary edema.
Right side: In aortic stenosis the aortic valve is narrowed, and in aortic insufficiency there is backflow of
blood from the aorta into the left ventricle.
In right-sided heart failure, the right ventricle loses its pumping function, and blood may back up into
other areas of the body, producing congestion. Congestion affects the liver, the gastrointestinal tract, and
the limbs. In addition, the right ventricle may be unable to pump blood efficiently to the lungs and to the
left ventricle.
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