PHI 2000 Introduction to Ethics Final Exam Sophia Course/PHI 2000_Capella-Sophia Ethics Milestones, Latest Fall Complete Test Bank

Capella-Sophia Ethics Milestones Ethics Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between philosophy and science? Philosophy is concerned with how to understand and interpret scientific fac ...

Capella-Sophia Ethics Milestones Ethics Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between philosophy and science? Philosophy is concerned with how to understand and interpret scientific facts. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between philosophy and science? Philosophy helps define concepts that are at the center of scientific study. Philosophy pursues truths that cannot be determined through empirical observation. Which of the following is a philosophical question? Is it possible for a computer to have free will? What would life on other planets mean for us? How much freedom should individuals have? Which of the following is a benefit of philosophy? Consistency is maintained between actions and beliefs. People learn to ask questions about the foundations of moral judgments. We learn to recognize and guard against bias Which step of philosophical inquiry has Amy just done? Identify positions on the question In order to approach the question philosophically, what should his first step be? Dan should ask, "What is a sport?" Which of the following actions represents the step, "Advance a Thesis"? A principal says students should focus more on academics than extracurricular activities. 3 Which one is the conclusion? Jeremy is financially irresponsible. Anthony is sick. Which of the following is an inductive argument? Lisa is an artist. Most artists are extremely talented. Therefore, Lisa is probably extremely talented. Which of the following is a deductive argument? Richard works out three days a week. Everyone who works out multiple times a week is strong. Therefore, Richard is strong. There is no circumstance under which my town will ever cancel fireworks on the Fourth of July. So even if it's pouring rain, the fireworks will happen. 4. Which of the following is a strong inductive argument? Matt is into 1980s hip-hop. Run DMC is one of the most popular hip-hop groups from the 1980s. Therefore Matt is into Run DMC's music. Amy works for a company called Dewey, Cheatum, and Livingston. Some of that company's employees are accountants. Amy is probably an accountant. Which type of argument is this? Weak inductive Everyone named Bethany has exquisite taste in furniture. My sister's name is Bethany. My sister therefore has exquisite taste in furniture. Which type of argument is this? Valid deductive An argument is strong and the premises are all true. Which of the following terms best describes the argument?Cogent An argument is weak, but the premises and conclusion are all true. Which of the following terms best describes the argument?Uncogent An argument is valid, but one of its premises is false. Which of the following terms best describes the argument? Unsound Which of the following statements is true of ethics? Ethics seeks to define the good and the bad. Which of the following statements is true of ethics? Ethics is about determining what is moral and what is immoral. Ethical topics are often closely related to issues of law, etiquette, or religion. Which of the following is an issue of law? Landlord Hank installs working smoke detectors in all of his properties. Which of the following is an ethical consideration for an employee who uses the work printer for personal projects? Does management approve of this behavior? Which of the following statements is an example of descriptive ethics Most people agree that bringing their pet bulls into china shops is morally wrong. Hank creates a concept map to compare how Kantian deontology and virtue-based ethics evaluate eating meat. This is an example of which branch of ethics? Metaethics Which of the following questions is an example of normative ethics? What obligation do children have to their aging parents? Jason sees a neighbor collapse from a heart attack on her front lawn. Which of the following decisions would likely constitute an obligatory action in that moment? Jason has his son call 911 while he begins CPR. Most academic institutions have severe penalties for students who attempt to pass off another's work as their own. Such academic dishonesty is thus generally considered to be a(n) action. Impermissible Which of the following statements reflects relativism? Jesse thinks that right is whatever a person feels comfortable doing. Which of the following statements reflects objectivism? Lorraine believes that murder is wrong, regardless of a person's culture Which of the following statements reflects conventionalism Torture is acceptable because we've been doing it here for many years. Prep Milestone 1 An argument is strong, and all its statements are true. 1 Which of the following terms best describes the argument? • Uncogent • Sound • Unsound Cogent • 2 Which of the following statements is true of ethics? • Ethical decisions should be made using a consistent framework. 3 Which of the following statements reflects relativism? • A single universal standard for ethical truths does not exist. 4 Which of the following is a deductive argument? 5 Two musicians are discussing whether rap counts as music. In order to come to a conclusion, they decide to ask, "What is music?" 5 In order to continue their philosophical inquiry, what should their next step be? • They should find as many positions on the question as possible. • They should look for arguments against rap as music. Ethics is often confused with issues of religion, social etiquette, and law. 6 Choose the action that is an issue of religion. • Hank opens the door for his wife when they go on a date. • The city repaired a pothole on the street in front of my house. I go to church every Sunday. • • I wear my wedding ring on my left hand. 7 Which of the following decisions would likely constitute a neutral action? (1) My baby is six months old. (2) Most babies get their first teeth around six months of age. (3) My baby will get her first tooth soon. Which of the three numbered statements (if any) is the conclusion? 3 • • 2 • • All three statements are premises. • • 1 9 Which of the following considerations is ethically relevant to an employee who stocks the break room snacks? • Who reimburses me for the snacks I buy? Is it my place to force my coworkers to eat healthy? • • What are my favorite kinds of snacks? • How much food do I need to get? 10 Katrina calls her grandmother every week because she believes it is her moral obligation. 10 Which branch of ethics is represented by this belief? • Normative ethics • Metaethics • Descriptive ethics 11 Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between philosophy and science? • Philosophy examines evidence and support for scientific arguments. • Philosophy is a less objective discipline than science. 12 All mammals have lungs. Iguanas have lungs. Iguanas are therefore mammals. Which type of argument is this? • Weak inductive • Valid deductive Invalid deductive • • Strong inductive 13 Which of the following is a benefit of philosophy? • The logical organization of ideas improves communication. 14 Which of the following is an argument? • It's going to rain today because the meteorologist says it will. • Everyone should experience standing out in the rain. 15 Which of the following is a philosophical question? OFFICIAL MILESTONE 1 1 Which of the following is an argument? 2 Which of the following is an inductive argument? 3 Which of the following statements about philosophy is true? 4 Ricardo and Monica volunteered to serve food at their church picnic during the 8-10 AM shift. At the end of their shift, they noticed that the kitchen was still pretty busy, so they continued to help through the next shift. Most people would likely say their decision is an example of a(n) action. • obligatory • neutral • impermissible • supererogatory Susan is studying the morality of taking terminally ill patients off life support. After thorough research and consideration of many different views, she argues that doctors have a moral obligation to use whatever means are available to preserve a patient's life. 5 Which step of philosophical inquiry has Susan done? • Advance a thesis and justification 6 Which of the following is a weak inductive argument? 7 Many people confuse topics of religion, social etiquette, and law with ethical topics. Select the example related to law. • Jack allows a woman with children to board the airplane first. • I am the only insured driver, so my daughter cannot drive the rental car. 8 Which of the following considerations is relevant to a person whose elderly parents are sick but refuse to make an appointment at the doctor? • Which days of the week are appointments available? • Does she have medical expertise? • Is it her place to make decisions for her parents? • Who has treated their illnesses in the past? 9 Which of the following is a benefit of philosophy? • Philosophy improves critical thinking skills. 10 Which of the following statements is an example of metaethics? • Kantian deontology is the correct ethical theory. 11 Which of the following is a philosophical question? 12Which of the following statements reflects conventionalism? An argument is strong and the conclusion is true, but both premises are false. 13 Which of the following terms best describes the argument? • Sound • Unsound Uncogent • • Cogent 14 Which of the following statements is true of ethics? • Objectivity is vital to ethical thought. • Ethical behavior has little to do with interpersonal interaction. • Ethical principles are just personal opinions. • Ethics is not subject to the same level of rigor as other philosophical pursuits. Consider the following argument: 15 (1) Mortgage rates are at an all time low. (2) It is therefore a good time to buy a home. (3) Also, property values have been increasing over the last five years, and (4) a number of new homes in my neighborhood are for sale. Which of the four numbered statements is the conclusion? Unit 2 Which of the following statements about divine command theory is true? Divine command theory is an objectivist moral theory. Divine command theory states that what is right is wholly determined from God's command. Divine command theory states that God freely chooses what is right and what is wrong Norman learns from his pastor that God commands people to love one another. Thus according to divine command theory, loving one another is . Obligatory Oliver asks his rabbi if it's acceptable for him to swim in the ocean while visiting family in South Carolina. The rabbi tells him God has not said anything about swimming in the ocean. Thus according to divine command theory, swimming in the ocean is . Neutral Patricia abstains from eating pork because she believes God has commanded her to. Thus according to divine command theory, eating pork is . Impermissible Which of the following examples contains a disagreement between popular thought and divine command theory? God forbids lying, but most people think lying is acceptable if it does good. Which of the following examples contains a disagreement between popular thought and divine command theory? God says to forgive all people, but many crimes are thought to be unforgivable. God forbids eating meat from pigs, but many people say eating pork is a good thing. Which of the following is an advantage of divine command theory? Divine command theory offers standards that originate outside of humanity Divine command theory provides a source for ethical standards. Divine command theory offers a firm basis for ethics. Which of the following represents a challenge to the intellectualist option of divine command theory? i t goes against divine command theory's principle that God's command is free. Which of the following represents a challenge to the voluntarist option of divine command theory? If God changes, what is good and what is evil could also change Which of the following represents a challenge to divine command theory? Divine command theory does not offer directives for every situation. • A wrong action because they disobeyed God’s command In a well-known Biblical story, God sent Jonah on an errand to deliver a message. Instead, Jonah went to sea on a ship. There was a terrible storm and Jonah was thrown overboard to save the others. Then God sent a great fish to swallow Jonah and save him. According to divine command theory, was Jonah’s decision to go to sea a right or a wrong action? A wrong action because God had commanded Jonah to do something else In a popular Bible story, God intends to flood the earth and commands Noah to build an ark to preserve his family and all the animals. According to divine command theory, if Noah had refused to build the ark, would that have been a right action or a wrong action? A wrong action because that would have been denying God’s command • a.) No culture is morally better or worse than any other culture Which of the following is true of conventionalism? Conventionalism is not a single ethical theory, but a family of theories. Which of the following ideas does conventionalism profess? What is good in one culture could be evil in another Becky belongs to a culture in which arriving early is thought to be impolite. What would a conventionalist call this action in Becky's culture? Impermissible The common practice in Arnold's culture is to remove one's shoes when entering a house. What would a conventionalist call this action in Arnold's culture? Obligatory Charlie likes to put on elaborate theme parties on Friday evenings. Some people look down on him for doing so, but many people support and enjoy his parties. What would a conventionalist call this action in Charlie's culture? neutral Isabel moved with her elderly mother to a culture in which it is mandatory that adult children care for their parents. As her mother ages and requires more care, Isabel considers placing her in a facility so that she can continue thriving in her own profession. According to conventionalism, which action is most appropriate for Isabel to take? • She should continue to care for her mother in her own home. • Ingrid is looking for an ethical framework that respects local norms Henry is looking for an ethical framework that can account for disagreement on right and wrong. Which of the following observations poses a challenge to the cultural differences argument? Premise 2 is false because many cultures agree on certain moral issues. Which of the following observations poses a challenge to the cultural differences argument? • Premise 1 is false because disagreement does not mean there is no objective truth. Which of the following observations poses a challenge to the cultural differences argument? Premise 1 is false because universal truths are not always easy to discover. Which statement expresses a shortcoming of conventionalism? there can be no intercultural evaluation of what is good Which of the following statements about egoism is true? Egoism is both a theory about how things are and about how things ought to be. Which type of egoism is the theory that humans should act according to their own best interests? Ethical egoism Which type of egoism is the theory that humans are only capable of acting in their own self interest? Psychological egoism Which of the following scenarios would be neutral for an egoist? Ignatius wants to see two movies, but only has time for one, so he flips a coin to decide. Which of the following scenarios would be impermissible for an egoist? • Which of the following scenarios would be obligatory for an egoist? Jeanney steals her neighbor's newspaper because she doesn't want to pay for one herself. According to egoism, all of the following are important ideas to consider on the issue of gun control laws in the United States, EXCEPT . Cheating on one’s spouse is widely rejected in most societies. How might an egoist complete this statement? Cheating on your spouse is permissible if . nothing bad happens to you as a result You are a mechanic who can make more money by diagnosing and repairing nonexistent car problems. How might an egoist complete this statement? Charging people for unnecessary repairs is . wrong, because running an honest business will earn you more money in the long run Which of the following statements supports egoism? It is a natural reaction in all humans to avoid pain or suffering. Important innovations are often made by those seeking their own self interests. Society benefits when individuals succeed. Which of the following represents a difficulty with egoism? Respect for all people is often thought of as a good thing, but it is inconsistent with egoism. Empathy is often thought of a a good trait, but it's not consistent with egoism. Selfless heroism is often respected and admired, but it's not consistent with egoism. Which of the following people would most likely be satisfied with conventionalism? CONCEPT 2 Choose the statement that correctly identifies whether egoism is relativist or objectivist and why. CONCEPT 3 Which of the following examples contains a disagreement between popular thought and divine command theory? CONCEPT 4 Which of the following observations poses a challenge to the cultural differences argument? CONCEPT 5 Gerard likes to lie in his garden and pretend he's a cabbage. His neighbors think it's kind of weird, but they agree that it's none of their business. What would a conventionalist call Gerard's action? CONCEPT 6 Which of the following statements about divine command theory is true? CONCEPT 7 Which of the following represents a challenge to divine command theory? CONCEPT 8 Which of the following scenarios would be impermissible for an egoist? CONCEPT Which of the following is an advantage of divine command theory? CONCEPT 10 Sarah makes her famous chicken casserole for her new neighbors who have just moved to America from Asia. When her daughter Lily comes home and sees the casserole almost ready, she remarks, “Mom, didn’t you know? Where our new neighbors come from, they don't eat meat. You shouldn’t have made this!” Sarah replies, “I disagree! They live in America now and need to understand our customs!” According to conventionalism, which of the two - Sarah or Lily - has a better ethical stance? CONCEPT 11 Which of the following statements represents a conventionalist worldview? CONCEPT 12 Thomas goes to church on Sunday morning because he believes God has commanded him to do it. According to divine command theory, going to church on Sunday is thus . CONCEPT Which of the following statements supports egoism? CONCEPT 14 Which of the following represents a difficulty with egoism? CONCEPT 15 It is widely accepted that people should work hard to take care of their children. How might an egoist complete this statement? Working hard to take care of one's children is right because . • Milestone 1 Mai has moved to the United States from Myanmar. She does not know how to drive and is frightened by the freeways and traffic congestion. Her husband insists that she learn to drive because they live in a suburb with no public transportation. “No,” says Mai firmly. “I am 38 years old and I have always been able to reach my destination without driving a car.” According to conventionalism, who has the stronger ethical stance— Mai or her husband? Which of the following represents a difficulty with egoism? According to egoism, what might an egoist consider when faced with the issue of world hunger? Most people in Dave's culture volunteer an hour every other week at a local food shelf. In addition to this, Dave also helps coordinate volunteers and fills in for people who can't make their hour. What would a conventionalist call Dave's actions? Which of the following scenarios would be obligatory for an egoist? After moving to a new city, Rachel continues to support her hometown's baseball team. A friend tells her she has to support her new city's team, but Rachel points out that God hasn't said anything on the matter. In Rachel's view, her action is according to divine command theory. Which of the following statements would you expect to hear from a conventionalist? Which of the following observations poses a challenge to the cultural differences argument? Which of the following represents a challenge to the intellectualist option of divine command theory? Which of the following statements supports egoism? Which of the following people would most likely be satisfied with conventionalism? 12 Which of the following examples contains a disagreement between popular thought and divine command theory? 13 The idea that people ought to act only in their own self interest is part of what kind of egoism? 14 Which of the following is an advantage of divine command theory? 15 Which of the following statements about divine command theory is true? UNIT 3 For a utilitarian, which consideration is most important? • The consequences of an action • Which of the following considerations is important for a utilitarian when evaluating the morality of an action? • How many people the action affects • Gerrie steals from her neighbor's family to feed hers. Her neighbor's two kids go hungry, but her two kids get fed. How would a utilitarian classify this action? Frank is considering donating the excess from a recent bonus to a local shelter instead of spending it on himself. How would a utilitarian classify this action? Obligatory Elizabeth likes drinking coffee from a certain company which treats its farmers poorly and pollutes the environment. How would a utilitarian classify Elizabeth's action? Impermissible Tabitha’s neighbors are annoyed by the types of plants she grows in her yard. After several attempts at talking to her, digging up her plants in the night, and even running her out of the neighborhood, Tabitha’s annoying behavior has not changed. One neighbor suggests they just kill her. Most people would agree that such an action is clearly immoral. How might it be evaluated by a utilitarian? Killing Tabitha is morally right because the happiness it brings all her neighbors will outweigh the harm to her. Which of the following represents act utilitarianism? Neil sends his children to bed without supper because they need to learn to behave properly Which of the following represents rule utilitarianism? Marie takes her son to the hospital after he gets injured playing with fire because she would do so for any injury. Which of the following pairs of goods are directly comparable according to hedonic utilitarianism? All of the answer choices are correct Richard is trying to decide whether or not to donate to a fund to save children in Africa from a recent famine. His friend suggests taking a utilitarian approach to the issue, so Richard makes a list of possible actions he could take. Choose the statement from Richard’s list that reveals a possible problem with utilitarianism If I don’t donate, I’m responsible for the death of a child. Which statement describes a disadvantage of utilitarianism? People have a natural tendency to show favoritism toward loved ones. The categorical imperative is a concept in Kantian deontology that fulfills the role of a(n) that is binding for all people in all circumstances. Moral law • Acting according to a maxim everyone can use Which of the following violates a person's humanity, according to Kant? a.) Lying to someone How might a Kantian deontologist evaluate stealing? • a.) It is morally wrong because if everyone stole, nobody could be trusted not to steal. Which of the following people would likely be satisfied with Kantian deontology? • a.) Elijah is looking for an ethical framework that gives a basis for objective rules. Which of the following represents a potential problem for Kantian deontology? Ignorance makes it easier to get away with bad actions 1 I come home and my apartment building is on fire. There is a family of five living in the apartment next to mine and only my mother in my apartment. I can only evacuate one apartment. What is a problem with applying utilitarianism to this scenario? 2 Karl receives a call from the local police, who are concerned that his son may be growing and distributing an illegal (but not dangerous) drug. Karl knows this suspicion to be true. If he admits it to the police, his son will be arrested, and their family’s name will be tarnished. If he lies, the police will assume the tip they got was false and go away. Most people are split on this issue. How might it be evaluated by a utilitarian? 3 How might a Kantian deontologist evaluate a jury voting to convict someone they know is innocent because they disagree with his political beliefs? Which of the following people would likely be satisfied with Kantian deontology? Which of the following people would likely be satisfied with utilitarianism? For Kant, what makes someone human? Which of the following represents rule utilitarianism? How would a Kantian deontologist evaluate an action? Claire is helping her elderly neighbor, Ms. Flannigan, with some yard work. Ms. Flannigan has no close family and tells Claire that she is beginning to wonder who will get the small bundles of cash she has hidden throughout her large house. Ms. Flannigan even remarks that she cannot remember where she has hidden them all. After helping Ms. Flannigan, Claire goes inside to freshen up. In the bathroom she notices a large wad of cash tucked inside the medicine cabinet. Which action is supported by utilitarianism but intuitively seems unethical? Which of the following considerations is important for a utilitarian when evaluating the morality of an action? According to Kantian deontology, which of the following would make an act impermissible? Which of the following represents a potential problem for Kantian deontology? On which of the following statements would a hedonic utilitarian and an idealist utilitarian disagree? Ingrid steals from a wealthy neighbor's excess so she can afford shoes for her children. How would a utilitarian classify this action? In Kantian deontology, the categorical imperative must be derived from . Jean lies to her boss about not feeling well so she can stay home and watch her favorite shows. Which action, while seemingly good, may reveal a vice rather than a virtue? Maggie wears the same clothes and drives the same car as her sister because she envies her sister’s lifestyle. Consequentialism, deontology, and character ethics evaluate actions differently. Select the basis for moral value used by character ethics. A quality or trait Three people of differing ethical positions witness a child stealing candy from a store. One observer remarks, “What a greedy little kid!” The speaker is most likely a . character ethicist "I work security at a grocery store to prevent people from stealing food. Every now and then when the checkout lines are too long, I take a snack without paying for it." Which of the following statements displays the speaker's unfair bias? "I hired Walt to be the new VP of Learning because he and I belong to the same political party." Which of the following actions is inconsistent with her belief? Ainsley leaves her children a large inheritance that they can live off of for the rest of their lives. Abortion is morally wrong, since it is a violation of the fetus' humanity." To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing? Kantian deondology MILESTONE 1 Which of the following statements displays the speaker's unfair bias? CONCEPT The Effect of Bias in Moral Decision Making "Abortion is morally wrong because it is murder, and murder is forbidden in the Bible." To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing? CONCEPT Case Study: Abortion 3 Tom passed the same homeless person each day as he walked to work. The homeless person never asked for money, but one day Tom stops and hands the man a $10 bill. According to virtue-based ethics, Tom’s action is unethical if he . CONCEPT Apply Virtue-Based Ethics 4 Which of the following best defines virtue-based ethics? CONCEPT Virtue-Based Ethics 5 Which action, while seemingly good, may reveal a vice rather than a virtue? CONCEPT Advantages and Shortcomings of Virtue-Based Ethics 6 Francis believes that every person should have ambition. Which of the following actions is inconsistent with his belief? CONCEPT Establishing a Consistent Value System 7 In a famous story, Robin Hood robbed rich travelers and gave the money he acquired to the poor. Robin Hood is usually seen as a good, if not noble, person. How would a deontologist evaluate Robin Hood’s action? CONCEPT Sources of Value in Ethical Decisions 8 Natalie helps her brother move into his new home. How might a virtue-based ethicist classify this action? CONCEPT Commitments of Virtue-Based Ethics 9 Select the statement that reveals personal interest as a source of bias in ethical evaluation. CONCEPT Sources of Bias in Ethical Decisions 10 Which of the following people would be most satisfied with virtue- based ethics? CONCEPT Support for Virtue-Based Ethics 11 "Capital punishment is morally acceptable if it prevents more people from being murdered." To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing? CONCEPT Case Study: Capital Punishment 12 "Giving away excess wealth is obligatory because it brings about a greater good for all of society." To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing? CONCEPT Case Study: Wealth Distribution 13 Select the basis for moral value used by character ethics. CONCEPT Different Considerations for Evaluating Actions 14 Which of the following critiques represents a challenge to virtue- based ethics? CONCEPT Problems with Virtue-Based Ethics 15 "Treating animals inhumanely is morally wrong because it shows insensitivity on the part of the farmer." To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing? CONCEPT Case Study: Animal Rights © 2020 SOPHIA Learning, LLC. SOPHIA is a regist FINAL Which of the following considerations is ethically relevant to a person who's been asked for money on the street? CONCEPT Actions and Events 2 Renae has three brothers. Over the course of a weekend, she observed them in different situations with the new neighbors. Her oldest brother, Nick, stepped in front of her when the neighbors’ large dog got loose and started running toward her. Her middle brother, Joe, loudly threatened the neighbors as to what would happen if they did not keep their dog chained up. Her younger brother, Scott, retreated into the house when all the shouting occurred. How might a virtue-based ethicist evaluate Nick’s action? CONCEPT Advantages and Shortcomings of Virtue-Based Ethics 3 Many people confuse topics of religion, social etiquette, and law with ethical topics. Select the example related to social etiquette. CONCEPT Ethical and Non-Ethical Topics 4 According to an egoist, working hard to succeed in order to take care of oneself and one’s needs is good because . CONCEPT Applying Egoism 5 Which of the following pairs of goods are directly comparable according to hedonic utilitarianism? CONCEPT Hedonic and Idealist Utilitarianism 6 What is the goal of philosophy? CONCEPT Introduction to Philosophy 7 Which of the following statements displays the speaker's unfair bias? CONCEPT The Effect of Bias in Moral Decision Making Which of the following observations poses a challenge to the cultural differences argument? CONCEPT Problems with Conventionalism 9 "I always say everyone shouldn't be afraid to try new things. On a recent trip to Spain, I ate all my meals at my favorite place— McDonald's." Which of the following sources of bias is apparent in this quotation? CONCEPT Sources of Bias in Ethical Decisions 10 According to Kantian deontology, which of the following would make an act impermissible? CONCEPT Commitments of Kantian Deontology 11 Which of the following is a philosophical question? CONCEPT Philosophical and Non-Philosophical Inquiry 12 When a utilitarian evaluates an action, which of the following is most important? CONCEPT Utilitarianism 13 "Abortion is morally acceptable if it is legal here." To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing? CONCEPT Case Study: Abortion 14 Which of the following people would most likely be satisfied with conventionalism? CONCEPT Support for Conventionalism 15 Theo is running for political office. It is a well-known fact that Theo is corrupt — he intends to use his office for his own personal and financial gain, to the detriment of the communities he serves. Yet polls show that he has a considerable lead over his opponents because he can afford aggressive advertising. A group of citizens decides to take matters into its own hands by blackmailing Theo so he will drop out of the election. Most people would agree that this action is immoral. How might it be evaluated by a utilitarian? CONCEPT Applying Utilitarianism 16 Which of the following scenarios would be neutral for an egoist? CONCEPT Commitments of Egoism 17 Jerome gets injured helping a distressed swimmer. Jerome dies, but the swimmer lives. How would a utilitarian classify Jerome's action? CONCEPT Commitments of Utilitarianism 18 How might a Kantian deontologist evaluate cheating on an assignment? CONCEPT Applying Kantian Deontology Which of the following statements would you expect to hear from a conventionalist? CONCEPT Conventionalism 20 An argument is valid, and its premises are true. Which of the following terms best describes the argument? CONCEPT Evaluating an Argument 21 Which of the following statements is true of ethics? CONCEPT Introduction to Philosophical Ethics Which of the following statements about divine command theory is true? CONCEPT Divine Command Theory 23 Kevin has thoroughly researched whether artificial intelligence can have free will. In order to continue his philosophical inquiry, what should Kevin's next step be? CONCEPT The Philosophical Approach to Inquiry 24 Choose the statement that exemplifies consequentialism. CONCEPT Sources of Value in Ethical Decisions 25 "Capital punishment is morally wrong because it turns all the state's citizens into killers." To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing? CONCEPT