Advanced Placement Psychology Weekend Review Session Worksheet
Very Much Alike, Yet Completely Different
In the study of how people learn, cognitive psychologists like to differentiate between people who "know" somethi
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Advanced Placement Psychology Weekend Review Session Worksheet
Very Much Alike, Yet Completely Different
In the study of how people learn, cognitive psychologists like to differentiate between people who "know" something
and people who truly have a "deep understanding" of the content. A deep understanding is often characterized by
the ability to make connections across chapters, and the ability to understand the differences between concepts that
at first glance might seem the same.
Students often claim that the most difficult questions on a multiple-choice exam are those where every answer
choice seems to be correct. These types of questions are placed on the AP Exam intentionally, and appear with
greater frequency as you reach the latter portions of the exam. These questions are intended to separate students
with "surface" understanding from students with "deep" understanding - numerically, we might say the 3's from the
4's and the 4's from the 5's. This exercise/review activity is designed specifically with those questions in mind.
Each problem below should be answerable in three sentences. Take one sentence to clearly and accurately state the
connections between these two terms - emphasizing your depth of knowledge - going beyond any simple
connections the terms may have. To complete the section on differences, you will most likely want to utilize one
sentence per term - making sure that each term is accurately defined in a way that distinguishes it from the other
term. An example is provided to get you started - good luck - may the force be with you!
Example Cross-Sectional & Longitudinal
Very much alike because… both cross-sectional and longitudinal are descriptive research
methods that focus on testing/questioning people at different ages of life.
Yet completely different because… the cross-section involves sections or segments of the
population who are at different ages - so we might test 20-year-olds, 30-year-olds, and 40-yearolds on the same task - and we could do it all on the same day (they are different people). The
longitudinal study takes longer; it involves testing the 20-year-olds today, and then testing the
very same people when they reach 30, and then again at 40 (long, expensive and time consuming
- yet certainly better results).
1. Introspection & Introversion
Very much alike because… introspection and introversion sound alike and deal
with the inner world.
Yet completely different because… introspection is the expired, wilhelm wundt
technique of attempting to access directly one’s own internal psychological processes,
judgements, perceptions, or states. “Stare at this apple and tell me what you are feeling”. .
Introversion is a personality trait and exists on a continuum of attitudes and behaviors. A
person who is described as introverted is more oriented toward the internal private world
of one’s self and one’s inner thoughts and feelings rather than toward the outer world of
people and things.
2. Broca's Area & Wernicke's Area
Very much alike because… broca’s area and wernicke’s area have to do with speech
and sound and are located in the left hemisphere of the brain.
Yet completely different because… broca’s area, in the frontal lobe, has to deal withthe control of speech. Actually speaking speech production. . Wernicke’s area, in the
temporal lobe, is involved in the interpretation of sound. Understanding what someone is
saying. For example, if a person is asked a question, Wernicke’s area helps to understand
what was said and Broca’s area helps to respond to the question
3. Afferent Neuron & Efferent Neuron
Very much alike because… they are 2 types of neurons in the nervous system and
are opposing processes of the same phenomena.
Yet completely different because… afferent neurons conduct impulses toward the
brain or spinal cord from the periphery “sensory neurons”. . Efferent neurons conduct
impulses away from the brain or spinal cord towards muscles “motor neurons”.
4. Random Sample & Representative Sample
Very much alike because… they are 2 types of neurons in the nervous system and are opposing
processes of the same phenomena.
Yet completely different because… afferent neurons conduct impulses toward the brain or spinal
cord from the periphery “sensory neurons”. . Efferent neurons conduct impulses away from the
brain or spinal cord towards muscles “motor neurons”.
5. Semantics & Syntax
Very much alike because… both are related to language.
Yet completely different because… semantics is the study of meaning in language while
syntax is the study of formal relationships and rules in language (grammar).
6. Psychiatrist & Psychologist
Very much alike because… They both have to deal with the study of behavior and the
human brain
Yet completely different because… A psychologist cannot perscribe medicine while a
psychiatrist can
7. Groupthink & Group Polarization
Very much alike because… the deal with decision making/thinking within a group setting.
Yet completely different because… group polarization is the idea that when there more
people with a similar opinion discussing the opinion amongst each other, that opinion tends to
become more extreme amongst the individuals. For example: If 3 of us get together and talk
about how much we LOVE Psych, then we grow to LOVE Psych even more! Groupthink is the idea
that a group focuses MORE on being cohesive and not combative to the exclusion of critical
thinking and sound decision making. (not a good thing)
8. Conductive Deafness & Sensorneural Deafness
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