Student Exploration: Earthquakes 1 – Recording Station
Vocabulary: body wave, earthquake, epicenter, fault, focus, P-wave, S-wave, seismic wave, seismogram, seismograph
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using
...
Student Exploration: Earthquakes 1 – Recording Station
Vocabulary: body wave, earthquake, epicenter, fault, focus, P-wave, S-wave, seismic wave, seismogram, seismograph
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
1. Earthquakes are usually caused by the sudden movement of rocks
along a fault, or fracture, in Earth’s crust. The most famous fault in the
U.S. is the San Andreas Fault in California. What major cities are
located near the San Andreas Fault? [san francisco, los
angelas______]
Gizmo Warm-up
The Earthquakes 1 – Recording Station
Gizmo simulates the seismic waves
released by an earthquake. To begin, look
at the key on the bottom left side of the
Gizmo.
1. The epicenter of the earthquake is the
point on Earth’s surface closest to the
focus, or origin, of the earthquake.
A. What symbol represents the epicenter? [___the target__]
B. What symbol represents the recording station? [___the triangle___]
2. Click Play ( ) and observe the seismic waves leaving the epicenter of the earthquake.
A. What types of seismic waves are released? [_the first wave is small and the second wave is
big_____]
B. Look at the Recording station detector on the upper left side of the Gizmo. What happens when
the seismic waves hit the recording station? [_the line moves across the screen_____]
Activity A:
Reading a
seismogram
Get the Gizmo ready:
● Click Reset ( ).
● Check that the Distance from the station to the
center of earthquake is 860 km.
Introduction: An earthquake releases an enormous amount of energy, which passes through Earth’s interior in the form
of body waves. There are two types of body waves: P-waves (primary waves) and S-waves (secondary waves).
Scientists study earthquakes with the aid of an instrument called a seismograph. When
seismic waves reach the seismograph, a graphical record, or seismogram, is produced.
Question: How are P- and S-waves shown on a seismogram?
1. Observe: Click Play, and then click Pause ( ) after the purple P-wave hits the
station.
A. Look at the upper right corner of the seismogram. At what time did the P-wave hit? [_138
seconds_____
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