NR 506 LEIK Exam Tips (ALL COVERED)

NR 506 LEIK Exam Tips LEIK EXAM TIPS – FNP –NR 506 Chamberlain (12 Pages) Health Screening and Health Promotion US Health Statistics/Mortality Statistics Leading cause of death (all ages/genders): Leading Cause of ...

NR 506 LEIK Exam Tips LEIK EXAM TIPS – FNP –NR 506 Chamberlain (12 Pages) Health Screening and Health Promotion US Health Statistics/Mortality Statistics Leading cause of death (all ages/genders): Leading Cause of Cancer Death Leading Cause of Death in Adolescents (^ in males than females) Leading Cause of Death by Age Group Average Life Expectancy: 78.8 years of life Cancer Statistics Most Common Cancer: skin cancer Most Common type of skin Cancer: Most Common Cancer by Gender Most Common Cancer among all children: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (34% of all cancers in children). Sensitivity vs. Specificity Top Three Cancers in Children Health Promotion Aspirin Use to prevent Cardiovascular Disease or Colorectal Cancer Breast Cancer Cervical Cancer Colorectal Cancer Lipid Disorders Lung Cancer Prostate Cancer Ovarian Cancer Skin Cancer Counseling No Routine Screening for the following Vaccination Facts Hepatitis B Vaccine Influenza Vaccination Tetanus Vaccines (Tdap and/ or Td) Pneumococcal Vaccinations Shingles Vaccination Varicella Vaccination Immunizations for Health Care Workers Vaccination Clinical Pearls Systems Review Eye Emergency Review Herpes Keratitis Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Retinal Detachment Ear, Nose, and Sinuses Review Cholesteatoma Battle Signs Pharynx Emergency’s Peritonsillar Abscess Diphtheria Head, Near, Eyes, Nose, and Throat Review (EXAM TIPS ONLY) Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Otitis Externa Ruptured Spleen Beta Blocker eye drops (Timolol) Cholesteatoma Penicillin allergic patients Learn to recognize Eye descriptions Chalazion: Pinguecula: Pteygium: Cerumenosis Vision Herpes Keratitis Corneal Abrasions or Keratitis Diabetic Retinopathy Cataracts Koplik’s Spots Cheilosis Testing Vision Hearing Exam Tips Types of Hearing Loss Integumentary Review Integumentary Terminology Secondary Skin Lesions Dermatology Terms Impetigo – Measles- (Rubeola) Scabies Scarlet Fever Tinea Versicolor Pityriasis Rosea Molluscum Contagiosum Erythema Migrans (Lyme Disease) Meningococcemia Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Skin and Integumentary System Exam TIPS only Differentiate between contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis Scabies Human dog/ cat Bite Hydranitis Suppurativa Psoriasis RMSF Meningococcemia Erythema Migrans (Lyme Disease) osacea Acne Pityriassis Rosea Post-Herpectic Neuralgia Differentiate erysipelas vs. other cellulitis Cardiovascular EXAM tips · Advise all HTN Pt’s to DECREASE NA+ intake. · How to decrease triglycerides · How to increase HDL · Dietary Sources · ASCVD score of 7.5 or start on high-intensity statins · Murmurs (Only 2-3 questions) · Mitral Murmurs: · Heart Sounds AAA Cardiac Rhythms – no strips will be on test, just signs and symptoms. JNC Antihypertensive guidelines Eye Findings Isolated systolic HTN: low dose thiazide diuretics or CCB (long acting dihydropyridine). Orthostatic Hypotension – sitting and standing BP ACEI’s or ARB’s- use for DM, CKD, and HF. Thiazide Diuretics Potassium Sparing Diuretics Calcium Channel Blockers Alpha Blockers Statins INR New York Heart Association Class II Heart Disease (Functional Capacity Ratings) Risk Factors for DVT’s Raynaud’s Phenomenon Bacterial Endocarditis Metabolic Syndrome Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) – usually asymptomatic Overweight Pulmonary System Exam Tips COPD Rescue Inhalers- Short acting B2 Agonist (Albuterol and Xopenex. Bacterial Pneumonia (Community Acquired Pneumonia) Outpatient CAP- based on S/S and CXR, do not order phlegm for C&S or CBC. Atypical Pneumonia (Walking Pneumonia) Pertussis / Whopping cough Acute Bronchitis TB Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR or PEF) High dose inhaled corticosteroids Asthmatics Long term Corticosteroids Mucolytic Lung Cancer Endocrine Exam Tips Subclinical Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism - Elevated TSH Radioactive Iodine Treatment Hyperthyroidism (Graves Disease) Subclinical Hyperthyroidism Levothyroxine (Synthroid) Alternative Thyroid medications DMII Chronic amenorrhea and hyper metabolism results in osteoporosis Diabetic Retinopathy Hypertensive Retinopathy Pioglitazone (Actos) Insulin Pumps Microvascular Complications of DM Macrovascular Complications of DM Charcot’s Foot – very common in DM DiabeticsAt and increase risk for cataracts and glaucoma Gastrointestinal Review Gastrointestinal Danger Signs Acute Appendicitis: pain at McBurney’s Point with positive psoas and obutrator signs Acute Cholecystitis: Murphy’s maneuver Acute Diverticulitis: Rovsing’s Sign with board-like abdomen with leukocytosis and neutrophilia and a shift to the left. Acute Pancreatitis: Cullen’s Sign (blue discoloration around umbilicus) & Grey-Turner’s Sign (blue discoloration on the flanks). Also may have ileus and show signs of shock. Clostridium Difficile Colitis: severe watery diarrhea from 10-15 stools a day. Usually appears 5-10 days after the start of antibiotics. Especially common with clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporin, and PCN”s. Colon Cancer Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis. McBurney’s Point: Psoas/Iliopsoas (supine position) Obturator Sign Rovsing’s Sign (supine position) Markle Test (Heel Jar) Involuntary Guarding : With abdominal palpation, the abdominal muscles reflexively become tense or board-like. Barrett’s Esophagus Lifestyle Modifications Cullen’s Sign Nervous System LEIK EXAM TIPS Danger Signs with headaches Acute Bacterial Meningitis Temporal Arteritis (Giant cell Arteritis) Acute/Narrow Angle Glaucoma Neurological Testing Cerebellar Testing: Romberg Test (cerebellar testing): tell the patient to tand with arms/hands straight on each side with the feet together, and then instruct the patient to close both eyes while standing in the same position and observe. dem Gait (cerebellar testing): Tell pt to walk a straight line in normal gait, and then instruct the patient to walk a straight line with one foot in front of the other. Kernig’s Sign:Flex the patient’s hip one at a time, then attempt to straighten the leg while keeping the hip flexed at 90 *. Brudzinski: Passively flex/bend the patient’s neck toward the chest. Nuchal Rigidity: Have the pt touch chest with chin. Neurological Terminology EXAM TIPS Cranial Nerves Mnemonic:On, On, On, They, Traveled, And, Found, Voldemort, Guarding, Very, Special, Horcruxes Herpes Zoster Infection (Shingles) Acute Bacterial Meningitis Migraine headaches with Aura: Treatment of Migraines Abortive: Immitrex (see below) and NSAID’s Sumatriptan (Imitrex) NSAID’s, Analgesics, and / or Narcotics Ergotamine/Caffeine (Cafergot Anti-Emetics Prophylactic Treatment Contraindications for Vasoconstriction Drugs Basilar or Hemiplegic Migraines Temporal Arteritis (Giant Cell Arteritis) Polymyalgia Rheumatic (PMR) Trigeminal Neuralgia Bell’s Palsy Nervous System Exam Tips Carpel Tunnel Syndrome Cluster Headache Alternative Headache Remedy Muscle Tension Headaches TIPS Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic douloureux) – Temporal Arteritis: Hematological System Review Tips Acute Hemorrhage Neutropenia Vitamin B 12 Deficiency Hodgkins Lymphoma Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Multiple Myeloma Thrombocytopenia Exam Tips Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC): Serum Ferritin: Thalassemia vs. Iron Deficiency Anemia Thalassemia: Iron Deficiency Anemia Taking Iron Medications that lower H/H and/ or worsen anemia. Pernicious Anemia Sickle Cell Anemia Deficient B12 Musculoskeletal Exam Tips MRI: XRAY: Thumb Spica Cast NSAID’s Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD or OA) Medial Tibial Stress Fracture or Syndrome Rheumatoid Arthritis Cauda Equina Syndrome Fracture of the Wrist Baker’s Cyst Psychosocial Mental Health Exam Tips Minor Depression vs. Major Depression Bipolar Atypical Antipsychotics Typical Antipsychotics Adverse Effects for Antipsychotics Anticonvulsants SSRI’s Atypical Antidepressants SNRI TCA’a Lithium Salt MAOI’s Anticholinergic Side Effects Alternative Therapies Interaction St. Johns Wort Kava Kava and/ or Valerian Root Folstein MMSE Gamma Flutamyl Transaminase AST/ALT Korsakoff’s Syndrome Nicotine patches Buproprion (Zyban) Alcohol Use Anorexia Abuse Common Findings of Abuse Risk Factors that increase the likelihood of Abuse Physical Exam during Abuse Abuser Exam Tips on Abuse Men’s Health Review Exam Tips Finasteride (Proscar) Males with hypertension and BPH- Chronic Prostatitis Vs. Acute Prostatitis Acute Prostatitis Priapism Testicular Cancer Prostate Cancer Torsion of the Appendix Testis Testicular Torsion Cremasteric Reflex Pharmacologic Treatment for BPH 5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors: Alpha Blockers: Woman’s Health Review Menopausal Changes Atrophic Vaginitis Normal Findings in the Breast Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LSIL) TIPs Cervical Ectropion Contraceptive Tips Bisphosphonates Bone Density Bacterial Vaginitis Candidal Vaginitis Trichomonal Vaginitis Sexually Transmitted Disease or Infections Review HIV/AIDS Acute HIV Infection (Acute Retroviral Syndrome) Syphilis Gonorrheal Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Proctitis: Occurs from perceptive intercourse Condyloma Acuminata vs. Condyloma Lata Herpes Simplex Virus Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Jarisch-Herxheimer Syndrome Disseminated Gonorrheal Infection (DGI) Tips Woman’s Health, Pregnancy, and Childbirth Review Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy Probable Signs of Pregnancy Positive Signs of Pregnancy Naegele’s Rule Placenta Previa Placenta Abruptio Fundus Location Correlated to Gestational Age Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Rh-Incompatibility Disease Urinary Tract Infections Exam Tips Breast Feeding Pediatrics Newborn Review Weight Management Caput Succedaneum Vs. Cephalohematoma Breastfeeding Tooth Eruption Genitourinary Anomalies Reflects Immunization Tips Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) Exam Tips Coarctation of the Aorta Toddlers Review (age 2-3) Wilms’ Tumor (Nephroblastoma) Epiglottitis Developmental Tips Autism Spectrum Disorder School- Aged Children (including preschool) Tips and Foot Mouth Disease Scabies Impetigo Varicella Fragile X-Syndrome Molluscum Contagiosum Measles (Rubeola) Adolescents Review Tips Testicular Torsion Testicular Cancer Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) Puberty Tips Emancipated Minor Right to Consent and Confidentiality Anorexia Nervosa Scoliosis Klinefelter Syndrome Osgood-Schlatter Primary Amenorrhea vs. Secondary Amenorrhea Gynecomastia vs. Pseudogynecomastia Seborrheic Keratosis Vs. Actinic Keratosis Presbycusis rcus Senilis (Corneal Arcus) TIPS Macular degeneration Cataracts Anticholinergic Side Effects Pulmonary Changes in Elderly Common Disorders in Older Adults Retinal Detachment Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma Hip Fracture Temporal Arteritis Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) Korsakoff-Wernicke Dementia Alzheimer’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease Sundowning Phenomenon MAO-B Inhibitors (Selegiline (Elderpryl) or Rasagiline (Azilect) Essential Tremor Professional Issues Review Ethical Guidelines and Advanced Practice Law Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Ombudsman Guardian Ad Litem Hospice Medicare B Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA) TIPS Quality Improvement Program Professional Roles and Reimbursement Claims Based Malpractice Occurrence Type Malpractice Insurance TIPS Culture and Spiritually Related Beliefs Exam Tips Nursing Research Exam Tips Dependent Variable Vs. Independent Variable Vulnerable Populations Institutional Review Boards (IRB’s) Assent N versus n Evidence-Based Medicine and Epidemiology Sensitivity vs. Specificity