HIEU 201 CHAPTER 12 QUIZ A+ ANSWER (VERIFIED)

Among the consequences of the Black Death were a. greater tolerance and brotherhood as people faced what they believed to be the end of the world. b. increasing confidence in the church due to the clergy’s performa ...

Among the consequences of the Black Death were a. greater tolerance and brotherhood as people faced what they believed to be the end of the world. b. increasing confidence in the church due to the clergy’s performance of its duty during the time of adversity. c. the creation of art portraying scenes of optimism and health and signifying hopefulness of God’s favor. d. a turn by some people to debauchery, lawlessness, and various forms of bizarre behavior. In the Late Middle Ages a. legal changes in England increased the amount of money the nobility collected from peasants. b. reduced demand caused prices to plummet, resulting in reduced incentive for commercial and manufacturing activity. c. reduced population reduced the amount of warfare, which in turn led to decreased production of military supplies. d. inflation, due to a shortage of silver, caused prices for luxury goods to skyrocket. Peasant rebellions broke out when a. kings and lords supported the rights of townspeople over the rights of agricultural workers. b. democratic ideas circulated in rural populations. c. kings and lords attempted to alter customary relationships and obligations. d. kings and lords would not alter customary obligations to fit new circumstances. Joan of Arc (1412–1431) a. was captured by the English but released on the insistence of the pope. b. led French troops into battle and liberated the besieged city of Orléans. c. was a French peasant girl who betrayed the French cause by joining the English side. d. was forsaken by the French and forced to spend the remainder of her life in a convent. Unam Sanctam (1302) a. systematized the goals of the Conciliar Movement. b. upheld papal claims to supremacy over secular rulers. c. provided a statement of the beliefs of Jan Hus. d. expressed the supremacy of earthly power over spiritual power. In his The Defender of the Peace, Marsiglio of Padua a. critiqued clerical intrusion into worldly affairs. b. argued that kings received their power from God. c. argued that the state should be subordinate to the church. d. supported the doctrine of papal power. The Babylonian Captivity (1309–1377) refers to a period when a. there were two popes: one in Avignon, one in Rome. b. the seat of the papacy was moved to Avignon, in southern France, and was subject to pressure by the kings of France. c. there was no pope, since no consensus could be reached about who should fill the position. d. the seat of the papacy was moved to England and was subject to pressure by the kings of England. The Conciliar Movement a. attempted to limit the pope’s powers through a general council of clergy. b. attempted to resolve the Great Schism by convening a general council at Pisa. c. attempted to defend the pope’s right to dominate church councils. d. succeeded in reorganizing the papacy into a constitutional monarchy. The Lollards were a. French heretics who supported Wycliffe and Hus. b. a new group of friars, like the Franciscans and the Dominicans. c. supporters of Hus and his movement. d. an order of priests who took vows of poverty and spread Wycliffe’s message of teaching the Bible to all Christians. William of Ockham’s main purpose in writing that reason could not prove the existence of God was to a. disengage faith from reason. b. make it more difficult to use reason to study the natural world. c. undermine faith as inferior to secular knowledge. d. show that knowledge of the natural world had to come from the Bible. Feudal traditions a. died with the waning of the Middle Ages. b. lasted long after the Middle Ages in many parts of Europe. c. had died out before the Middle Ages came to an end. d. are one area in which the medieval and the modern world have nothing in common. Feudalism contributed to the development of free political institutions because a. lords claimed certain liberties guaranteed by contracts, and they defied rulers who abused these liberties. b. vassals were free to leave the service of their lords whenever they wished. c. the kings frequently forced nobles to free their serfs from bondage. d. it was based on the notion that all people, as the children of God, are entitled to equal rights. Which of the following statements concerning social unrest in the Late Middle Ages is true? a. Revolts in both the towns and the countryside resulted in substantial gains for non-elites. b. Uprisings of the urban poor were successful, but peasant rebellions were crushed. c. Rebellions of the urban poor and peasant uprisings in the countryside were both crushed. d. Peasant uprisings were successful, but rebellions of the urban poor were not. All of the following is true of the Late Middle Ages EXCEPT a. grazing land was converted to the cultivation of cereals. b. the topsoil was exhausted by limited knowledge of conservation. c. malnutrition was widespread, but starvation was not. d. there was a shortage of manure needed to fertilize arable land. The outcome of the conflicts between Boniface VIII and Philip IV of France a. was a renewal of prestige and political influence for the church. b. ended in stalemate. c. was the clear establishment of royal political power over the church and its clergy. d. established the absolute authority of the papacy. The Great Schism came to an end a. when Urban VI excommunicated his rival Clement VII in 1378. b. when Gregory XI returned the papacy to Rome in 1377. c. when the Byzantine and Roman churches reunited under Pius II in 1460. d. when the council at Constance appointed a new pope in 1417. Wycliffe and Hus a. were embraced by the hierarchy of the church and many of their beliefs were accepted. b. believed in the importance of the Bible and advocated the Bible’s translation into the vernacular. c. agreed that the bread and wine of communion change into the body and blood of Christ. d. thought that a more powerful papacy could reform the church and return it to its former greatness. Duns Scotus (1265-1308) held that human reason a. can prove that God forgives sins. b. cannot prove that God is omnipotent. c. can prove that the soul is immortal. d. can prove that God punishes the wicked. Late medieval technology was influenced by Christianity in that a. the clergy, especially monks, were to spend all their time in prayer and meditation, thereby ignoring work. b. nature was thought of as sacred, not to be disturbed any more than necessary for mere survival. c. it was believed that God created the world for human beings to subdue and exploit. d. the Christian emphasis on the afterlife discouraged people from seeking greater power in this world. Which of the following events occurred last? a. Pope Gregory XI returns papacy to Rome b. Joan of Arc condemned as a witch c. Babylonian Captivity d. Start of Hundred Years’ War