Portage Learning BIOD 152 | AP2 Module 1 Exam (answered) retake_ Latest Fall 2021

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This is a bundle of axons found in the peripheral nervous system. This part of the autonomic system accelerates the heart beat and increases breathing rate. The ventral root of a nerve contains... what type of neurons? This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the: A. Peripheral nervous system B. Somatic system C. Autonomic system D. Central nervous system The neuron pictured, below, is best described as: Bipolar It has two extensions from the central cell body. Multipolar Unipolar Pseudounipolar True or false: Neurons come into direct physical contact with one another. True False Describe the function and release of neurotransmitters. Your Answer: Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are stored insid the axon terminal vesicles. They also carry the nerve impulse from one neuron to another neuron. An efferent neuron carries information: From the central to the peripheral nervous system From the peripheral to the central nervous system Within the central nervous system Within the peripheral nervous system A presynaptic neuron would be found: Before the synapse After the synapse Inside the synapse Only in the peripheral nervous system What is the location and function of Satellite cells? A patient’s left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during surgery. Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their thumb? Why or why not? Your Answer: Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of the diagram. Include the charge of the membrane during this phase. At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is: 0 mV +40 mV Polarized (around -70mV) Depolarized Which of the following is true concerning the sodium-potassium pump? It maintains the depolarization phase of an axon. For every two sodium ions pumped out, three potassium ions are pumped in. It must remain in constant operation to maintain the resting state. The overall effect is a positive charge on the inside of the membrane. True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. This means that the strength of the action potential is weaker than usual. Explain your reasoning. Which of the following statements is true concerning the neuromuscular junction? The NMJ terminates on neurons within the brain and spinal cord. The NMJ terminates on a muscle fiber. The NMJ terminates on a presynaptic motor neuron. The NMJ does not have a synapse. What prevents continuous stimulation of a nerve synapse and how is this accomplished? What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone? True or False: Action potentials travel in one direction within the same neuron. True or False: Reflexes occur slower than a conscious decision to move from the brain. True False Fill in the blank: In a reflex, the neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway towards the central nervous system. This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses. Which of the following statements is true about reflexes? Regulation of blood sugar by hormones is one example of a reflex. Reflexes cannot be tested because they are internal. Pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely voluntary. What is true about the stretch reflex? Stretch reflexes help to increase the stretch on a muscle. The patellar reflex tests the stretch reflex of the patella. The muscle spindle detects stretch within the muscle. The effect of the motor signal is to relax a muscle. What is false about the flexor withdrawal reflex? A. It does not involve interneurons. B. It involves excitatory interneurons. C. It involves inhibitory interneurons. D. The effect of the reflex is to create a co-contraction of two muscles E. A&D F. B&C Answer the following essay questions: Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the reflex. Answer the following essay questions: Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease which attacks the myelin sheath of the nerve axon. Patients with this disease may experience difficulty using the muscles of their arms and legs. Explain why this would occur. [Show More]

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