Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base
Balance
Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Potter et al.: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.A patient has dehydration. While plan
...
Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base
Balance
Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Potter et al.: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.A patient has dehydration. While planning care, the nurse considers that the majority of the patient’s total
water volume exists in with compartment?
a. Intracellular
b. Extracellular
c. Intravascular
d. Transcellular
ANS: A
Intracellular (inside the cells) fluid accounts for approximately two thirds of total body water. Extracellular (outside the cells) is approximately one third of the total body water. Intravascular fluid (liquid portion of the blood)
and transcellular fluid are two major divisions of the extracellular compartment.
Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance | Nursing Test Banks 4/17/17, 7:32 AM
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DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:935
OBJ escribe the processes involved in regulating extracellular fluid volume, body fluid osmolality, and fluid
distribution.TOP lanning
MSC: Physiological Adaptation
2.The nurse is teaching about the process of passively moving water from an area of lower particle concentration to an area of higher particle concentration. Which process is the nurse describing?
a. Osmosis
b. Filtration
c. Diffusion
d. Active transport
ANS: A
The process of moving water from an area of low particle concentration to an area of higher particle concentration is known as osmosis. Filtration is mediated by fluid pressure from an area of higher pressure to an area of
lower pressure. Diffusion is passive movement of electrolytes or other particles down the concentration gradient (from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration). Active transport requires energy in
the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to move electrolytes across cell membranes against the concentration gradient (from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration).
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:936
OBJ escribe the processes involved in regulating extracellular fluid volume, body fluid osmolality, and fluid
distribution.TOP:Teaching/Learning
MSC: Physiological Adaptation
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