PULMONARY: review concepts related to anticholinergic drugs and the treatment for asthmaCARDIOVASCULAR: review concepts related to cardiac output, cardiac contractility – ssystole/diastole & S1 & S2- The cardiac
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PULMONARY: review concepts related to anticholinergic drugs and the treatment for asthmaCARDIOVASCULAR: review concepts related to cardiac output, cardiac contractility – ssystole/diastole & S1 & S2- The cardiac cycle begins with ventricular diastole when the muscle cells in the ventricles are relaxed, allowing for passive movement of 70% of blood from the atria to the ventriclesheart valves (when they are open and closed; the production of S1 & S2),- The superior & inferior vena cava carry systemic DEOXYgenated blood to the right atrium.stroke volume- stroke volume, the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle/systole (70 mL) Declining cardiac output is a key component in heart failure so it is important to understand the connection between HR and SV. HR and SV have an inverse relationshipheart failure and physiologic processes that lead to heart failure symptoms- Heart Failure is defined as cardiac dysfunction caused by inability of the heart to provide adequate cardiac output, resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion.Genitourinary/Renal: anatomy and physiology of the kidney- right kideny is lower than left, , nephron damage , tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion , conditions associated with renal failure,PULMONARY: review concepts related to anticholinergic drugs and the treatment for asthmaCARDIOVASCULAR: review concepts related to cardiac output, cardiac contractility – ssystole/diastole & S1 & S2- The cardiac cycle begins with ventricular diastole when the muscle cells in the ventricles are relaxed, allowing for passive movement of 70% of blood from the atria to the ventriclesheart valves (when they are open and closed; the production of S1 & S2),- The superior & inferior vena cava carry systemic DEOXYgenated blood to the right atrium.stroke volume- stroke volume, the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle/systole (70 mL) Declining cardiac output is a key component in heart failure so it is important to understand the connection between HR and SV. HR and SV have an inverse relationshipheart failure and physiologic processes that lead to heart failure symptoms- Heart Failure is defined as cardiac dysfunction caused by inability of the heart to provide adequate cardiac output, resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion.Genitourinary/Renal: anatomy and physiology of the kidney- right kideny is lower than left, , nephron damage , tubular reabsorption and tubular se
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