NR 511 MIDTERM + FINAL EXAM – QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - NEW, GRADED A+

Document Content and Description Below

Question 1.Question : Which of the following is a crucial element of developing a guideline? Creating a physician expert panel Reviewing the literature with ratings of available evidence Conducting an... external review of a guideline Developing evidence-based tables Question 2.Question : African American patients seem to have a negative reaction to which of the following asthma medications? Inhaled corticosteroids Long-term beta-agonist bronchodilators Leukotriene receptor agonists Oral corticosteroids Question 3.Question : Jolene has breast cancer that has been staged as T1, N0, M0. What might this mean? The tumor size cannot be evaluated; the cancer has not spread to the lymph nodes; and the distant spread cannot be evaluated. The cancer is in situ; it is spreading into the lymph nodes, but the spread cannot be evaluated otherwise. The cancer is less than 2 cm in size and has not spread to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body. The cancer is about 5 cm in size; nearby lymph nodes cannot be evaluated; and there is no evidence of distant spreading. Question 4.Question : Sondra's peripheral vestibular disease causes dizziness and vertigo. Which of the following medications will help to decrease edema in the labyrinth of the ear? Meclizine Diphenhydramine Diamox Promethazine Question 5.Question : Mandy presents with a cauliflower-like wart in her anogenital region. You suspect it was sexually transmitted and document this as a: Filiform/digitate wart Dysplastic cervical lesion Condyloma acuminata Koilocytosis Question 6.Question : Inattention and a sleep-wake cycle disturbance are the hallmark symptoms of? Dementia Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease Delirium Question 7.Question : You have taught Jennifer, age 15, about using a flow meter to assess how to manage her asthma exacerbations. She calls you today because her peak expiratory flow rate is 65%. What would you tell her? "Take your short-acting beta-2 agonist, remain quiet, and call back tomorrow." "Use your rescue inhaler, begin the prescription of oral glucocorticoids you have, and call back tomorrow." "Drive to the emergency room now." "Call 911." Question 8.Question : A patient is seen in the clinic with hematuria confirmed on microscopic examination. The clinician should inquire about the ingestion of which of these substances that might be the cause of hematuria? NSAIDs Beets Vitamin A Red meat Question 9.Question : Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention in a patient with chronic renal failure? Fluid restriction Hemodialysis 4 days a week High-protein diet Maintenance of blood pressure at 120/80 Question 10.Question : Which of the following conditions is associated with cigarette smoking? Glaucoma Increased sperm quality Bladder cancer Eczema Question 11.Question : A chronic cough lasts longer than: 3 weeks 1 month 6 months 1 year Question 12.Question : The 'freezing phenomenon' is a cardinal feature of? Parkinson's disease Alzheimer's disease A CVA Bell's palsy Question 13.Question : When administered at the beginning of an attack, oxygen therapy may help this kind of headache? Tension Migraine Cluster Stress Question 14.Question : Which ethnic group has the highest lung cancer incidence and mortality rates? African American men Scandinavian men and women Caucasian women Asian men Question 15.Question : The most significant precipitating event leading to otitis media with effusion is: Pharyngitis Allergies Viral upper respiratory infection (URI) Perforation of the eardrum Question 16.Question : Samuel is going to the dentist for some work and must take endocarditis prophylaxis because of his history of: Severe asthma A common valvular lesion Severe hypertension A prosthetic heart valve Question 17.Question : A 34-year-old patient was treated for a UTI and has not responded to antibiotic therapy. Which of the following actions should be taken next? Send a urine specimen for microscopy and evaluate for fungal colonies. Increase the dose of antibiotic. Order a cytoscopy. Order a different antibiotic. Question 18.Question : Which statement best describes a carotid bruit? It is felt with the middle three fingers over the carotid artery. A bruit becomes audible when the lumen is narrowed to 1 mm or less. A low-pitched bruit is a medical emergency. The higher the pitch of the bruit, the higher the degree of stenosis. Question 19.Question : Which statement is true regarding chloasma, the 'mask of pregnancy'? It is caused by a decrease in the melanocyte-stimulating hormone during pregnancy. This condition only occurs on the face. Exposure to sunlight will even out the discoloration. It is caused by increased levels of estrogen and progesterone. Question 20.Question : Simon presents with alopecia areata with well-circumscribed patches of hair loss on the crown of his head. How do you respond when he asks you the cause? "You must be under a lot of stress lately." "It is hereditary. Did your father experience this also?" "The cause is unknown, but we suspect it is due to an immunologic mechanism." "We'll have to do some tests." Question 21.Question : A blood pressure (BP) of 150/90 is considered: Stage 2 hypertension Hypertensive Normal in healthy older adults Acceptable if the patient has DM Question 22.Question : When teaching post MI patients about their NTG tablets, the clinician should stress that the tablets should remain in the light-resistant bottle in which they are packaged and should not be put in another pill box or remain in areas that are or could become warm and humid. Once opened, the bottle must be dated and discarded after how many months? 1 month 3 months 6 months As long as the tablets are kept in this special bottle, they will last forever. Question 23.Question : Your patient has decided to try to quit smoking with Chantix. You are discussing his quit date, and he will begin taking the medicine tomorrow. When should he plan to quit smoking? He should stop smoking today. He should stop smoking tomorrow. His quit date should be in 1 week. He will be ready to quit after the first 30 days. Question 24.Question : When looking under the microscope to diagnose an intravaginal infection, you see a cluster of small and oval to round shapes. What do you suspect they are? Spores Leukocytes Pseudohyphae Epithelial cells Question 25.Question : The hallmark of an absence seizure is: No activity at all A blank stare Urine is usually voided involuntarily The attack usually lasts several minutes Question 26.Question : Which medication used for scabies is safe for children 2 months and older? Permethrin cream Lindane Crotamiton lotion and cream Ivermectin Question 27.Question : The clinician is seeing a patient complaining of red eye. The clinician suspects conjunctivitis. The presence of mucopurulent discharge suggests which type of conjunctivitis? Viral conjunctivitis Keratoconjunctivitis Bacterial conjunctivitis Allergic conjunctivitis Question 28.Question : Gabby, aged 22, has Bell's palsy on the right side of her face. Her mouth is distorted, and she is concerned about permanent paralysis and pain. What do you tell her? "Most patients have complete recovery in 3 to 6 months." "Unfortunately, you'll probably have a small amount of residual damage." "Don't worry, I'll take care of everything." "You may have a few more episodes over the course of your lifetime but no permanent damage." Question 29.Question : How often should drug levels be monitored when a seizure medication has controlled the seizures, and the drug level is adequate? Every 3 months Every 6 months Annually Whenever there is a problem Question 30.Question : Immunizations are an example of which type of prevention? Primary Secondary Tertiary Question 31.Question : The result of the patient's 24-hour urine for protein was 4.2 g/day. The clinician should take which of the following actions? Repeat the test. Refer to a nephrologist. Measure the serum protein. Obtain a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Question 32.Question : Which cranial nerve is affected in a patient with a cerebrovascular accident who has difficulty chewing? CN V CN VII CN IX CN X Question 33.Question : Which of the following diagnostic tests should be ordered for a patient suspected of having bladder cancer? Kidneys, ureter, bladder x-ray Cystoscopy with biopsy Magnetic resonance imaging Urine tumor marker (NMP22) Question 34.Question : The "B" in the ABCDEs of assessing skin cancer represents: Biopsy Best practice Boundary Border irregularity Question 35.Question : Which statement is true regarding driving and patients with a seizure disorder? Once diagnosed with a seizure disorder, patients must never drive again. After being seizure free for 6 months, patients may drive. Each state has different laws governing driving for individuals with a seizure disorder. These persons may drive but never alone. Question 36.Question : Which high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level is considered cardioprotective? Greater than 30 Greater than 40 Greater than 50 Greater than 60 Question 37.Question : The most common cause of CAP is? Streptococcus pneumoniae Klebsiella pneumoniae Legionella pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Question 38.Question : Sandra has palpitations that occur with muscle twitching, paresthesia, and fatigue. What specific diagnostic test might help determine the cause? Serum calcium Electrocardiogram (ECG) Thyroid-stimulating hormone test Complete blood cell count Question 39.Question : A patient presents to the clinician with a sore throat, fever of 100.7?F, and tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy. The clinician suspects strep throat and performs a rapid strep test that is negative. What would the next step be? The patient should be instructed to rest and increase fluid intake as the infection is most likely viral and will resolve without antibiotic treatment. Because the patient does not have strep throat, the clinician should start broad spectrum antibiotics in order to cover the offending pathogen. A throat culture should be performed to confirm the results of the rapid strep test. The patient should be treated with antibiotics for strep throat as the rapid strep test is not very sensitive. Question 40.Question : Patients with acute otitis media should be referred to a specialist in which of the following situations? Concurrent vertigo or ataxia Failed closure of a ruptured tympanic membrane If symptoms worsen after 3 or 4 days of treatment All of the above Question 41.Question : Which of the following tests is most useful in determining renal function in a patient suspected of CRF? BUN and creatinine Electrolytes Creatinine clearance Urinalysis Question 42.Question : Marci has a wart on her hand. She says she heard something about "silver duct tape therapy." What do you tell her about his? It is an old wives' tale. It is used as a last resort. Salicylic acid is more effective. It is a simple treatment that should be tried first. Question 43.Question : What is the first-line recommended treatment against Group A ?-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS), the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis? Penicillin Quinolone Cephalosporin Macrolide Question 44.Question : Which of the following is an example of sensorineural hearing loss? Perforation of the tympanic membrane Otosclerosis Cholesteatoma Presbycusis Question 45.Question : Which of the following is "a linear crack extending from the epidermis to the dermis?" An ulcer A fissure Lichenification An excoriation Question 46.Question : A 65-year-old man presents to the clinician with complaints of increasing bilateral peripheral vision loss, poor night vision, and frequent prescription changes that started 6 months previously. Recently, he has also been seeing halos around lights. The clinician suspects chronic open-angle glaucoma. Which of the following statements is true concerning the diagnosis of chronic open-angle glaucoma? The presence of increased intraocular pressure measured by tonometry is definitive for the diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma. The clinician can definitively diagnosis open-angle glaucoma based on the subjective complaints of the patient. Physical diagnosis relies on gonioscopic evaluation of the angle by an ophthalmologist. Early diagnosis is essential in order to reverse any damage that has occurred to the optic nerve. Question 47.Question : The majority of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections are asymptomatic so that only which elevated antibody titer shows evidence of previous infection? IgA IgE IgG IgM Question 48.Question : A patient is seen with a sudden onset of flank pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and diaphoresis. In addition to nephrolithiasis, which of the following should be added to the list of differential diagnoses? Pancreatitis Peptic ulcer disease Diverticulitis All of the above Question 49.Question : Which of the following is abundant in the heart and rapidly rises in the bloodstream in the presence of heart failure, making it a good diagnostic test? B-type natriuretic peptide C-reactive protein Serum albumin Erythrocyte sedimentation rate Question 50.Question : You are doing a cerumen extraction and touch the external meatus of your patient's ear. He winces and starts coughing. What is the name of this reflex? Baker phenomenon Arnold reflex Cough reflex Tragus reflex * Times are displayed in (GMT-07:00) Mountain Time (US & Canada) Question : The most cost-effective screening test for determining HIV status is which of the following? Western blot Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test Viral load Question 2.Question : Which blood test is a nonspecific method and most helpful for evaluating the severity and course of an inflammatory process? Erythrocyte sedimentation rate White blood cell count Polymorphonuclear cells C-reactive protein (CRP) Question 3.Question : Cocaine acts as a stimulant by blocking the reuptake of which neurotransmitter? GABA Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Question 4.Question : Mrs. Thomas was seen in the office complaining of pain and point tenderness in the area of her elbow. The pain has increased following a day of gardening one week ago. A physical finding that differentiates the diagnosis and is most consistent with lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) is: Ecchymosis, edema, and erythema over the lateral epicondyle Pain at the elbow with resisted movements at the wrist and forearm Inability to supinate and pronate the arm Inability to flex or extend the elbow against resistance Question 5.Question : Which of the following statements concerning the musculoskeletal examination is true? The uninvolved side should be examined initially and then compared to the involved side. The part of the body that is causing the patient pain should be examined first. When possible, the patient should not be asked to perform active range-of-motion (ROM) exercises to avoid causing pain. Radiographs should always be obtained prior to examination so as not to cause further injury to the patient. Question 6.Question : Which of the following signs or symptoms indicate an inflammatory etiology to musculoskeletal pain? Decreased C-reactive protein Hyperalbuminemia Morning stiffness Weight gain Question 7.Question : Which causes the greatest percentage of mammalian bites? Dogs Cats Humans Rodents Question 8.Question : A 48-year-old woman is seen in the clinic with complaints of prolonged heavy menstrual periods. She is pale and states she can no longer exercise. Pelvic exam reveals a single, very large mass. Which of the following diagnostic tests should the clinician order first? Transvaginal ultrasound Endometrial biopsy MRI Abdominal computed tomography scan Question 9.Question : A diabetic patient asks the clinician why he needs to check his blood sugar at home even when he feels good. Which of the following responses would be most appropriate? "Control of glucose will help postpone or delay complications." "Regularly checking blood sugar will help establish a routine." "Monitoring glucose will promote a sense of control." All of the above Question 10.Question : A 25-year-old patient presents to the clinic with fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, and constipation for the past 3 months. On physical examination, the clinician notices a sinus bradycardia; muscular stiffness; coarse, dry hair; and a delay in relaxation in deep tendon reflexes. Which of the following tests should be ordered next? Serum calcium TSH Electrolytes Urine specific gravity Question 11.Question : Which of the following medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus should not be prescribed during pregnancy? Insulin Metformin Glucotrol Precose Question 12.Question : During a DRE on a 75-year-old man, the clinician suspects the patient has prostate cancer. What physical finding should make the clinician suspicious? An enlarged rubbery gland A hard irregular gland A tender gland A boggy gland Question 13.Question : Eddie, age 4, presents to the ED with a live insect trapped in his ear canal causing a lot of distress. What should be your first step? Remove the insect with tweezers. Immobilize the insect with 2% lidocaine. Sedate Eddie with diazepam. Shine a light in the ear for the insect to "find its way out." Question 14.Question : What is the most common cause of microcytic anemia? Anemia of chronic disease Sideroblastic anemia Iron-deficiency anemia Thalassemia Question 15.Question : An 82-year-old man is seen in the primary care office with complaints of dribbling urine and difficulty starting his stream. Which of the following should be included in the list of differential diagnoses? Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Parkinson's disease Prostate cancer All of the above Question 16.Question : Early rheumatoid disease is characterized by: Pain and swelling in both small and large peripheral joints Rigid joints with diminished range of motion Joint swelling and immobility on rising A cardiac rub or pulmonary friction rub Question 17.Question : A 70-year-old female has fallen 2 weeks ago and developed immediate pain in her left wrist. She thought she just bruised it but is worried because it has not improved. She has used Tylenol® and ice at home, and that has helped slightly. You examine her and find she has moderate swelling and ecchymosis but no overtly obvious deformity. Her ROM is uncomfortable and severely diminished due to the pain. No crepitus is heard or felt. Her fingers are warm; her pulse is strong; and capillary refill is less than 2 seconds. What should you do? Make an immediate referral for an orthopedic evaluation without further assessment. Tell her that it takes time for these bruises to improve, so she should be patient. Obtain a wrist x-ray and place her wrist in a splint or prescribe a splint. Send her to the emergency room for reduction of this obvious wrist fracture. Question 18.Question : The criteria for diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (text revision) state that excessive worry or apprehension must be present more days than not for at least: 1 month 3 months 6 months 12 months Points Received: Question 19.Question : A 60-year-old man presents with an enlarged scrotum. The clinician uses a penlight to transilluminate the scrotum. In a patient with a hydrocele, what would the clinician expect to find? The scrotum will be dark. The scrotum will appear light pink or yellow. The scrotum will appear milky white. The internal structures will be clearly visible. Question 20.Question : According to Kübler-Ross, the stages of grief occur in which order? Anger, denial, depression, bargaining, acceptance Anger, denial, bargaining, acceptance, depression Denial, anger, depression, bargaining, acceptance Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance Question 21.Question : Reuben, age 24, has HIV and just had a routine viral load test done. The results show a falling viral load. What does this indicate? A favorable prognostic trend Disease progression The need to be more aggressive with Reuben's medications The eradication of the HIV Question 22.Question : The exanthem of Lyme disease is: Erythema infectiosum Laterothoracic exanthem Erythema migrans Morbilli exanthem Question 23.Question : You have detected the presence of crepitus on examination of a patient with a musculoskeletal complaint. Additionally, there is limited range of motion (ROM) with both active and passive movement. These findings suggest that the origin of the musculoskeletal complaint is: Articular Inflammatory Nonarticular A and B Question 24.Question : What is the recommended daily calcium intake for adults over the age of 50 with low bone mass? 1,200 mg/day 1,000 mg/day 1,300 mg/day 1,500 mg/day Question 25.Question : When assessing a woman for infertility, which of the following tests should be done first? Analysis of partner's sperm Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Hysterosalpingogram Estrogen level Question 26.Question : Which type of burn injury results in destruction of the epidermis with most of the dermis, yet the epidermal cells lining hair follicles and sweat glands remain intact? Superficial burns Superficial partial-thickness burns Deep partial-thickness burns Full-thickness burns Question 27.Question : A 23-year-old sexually active woman presents for her first Pap smear. Her history includes nulligravida, age at first intercourse 14, and more than 10 sexual partners. Which of the following conditions should the clinician be particularly alert for during her examination? [Show More]

Last updated: 2 years ago

Preview 1 out of 41 pages