Use Of Karyotype Analysis Biology Essay
Abstract
A complete set of metaphase chromosomes is called a karyotype. It is widely used to detect
the chromosomal abnormalities that are related to the genetic diseases and va
...
Use Of Karyotype Analysis Biology Essay
Abstract
A complete set of metaphase chromosomes is called a karyotype. It is widely used to detect
the chromosomal abnormalities that are related to the genetic diseases and various type of
cancer. As the biomedical science advances, various kinds of techniques are introduced to
analyze the human karyotype. These karyotype analyse are widely used in genetic
counselling to minimize the risk of having unfortunate abnormalities that can cause serious
limitation on quality of life. So, nowadays individual and families are realized the necessity to
implement the genetic testing.
Introduction
In genetic counselling, knowledge of karyotype analysis is greatly used to determine the
heritable diseases including cancer. Moreover, pedigree construction based on Mendelian
principles was used in days gone by the determinable pattern of inheritance. In recent years,
FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization), PCR (polymerase chain reaction), CGH
(comparative genomic hybridization) and SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) arrays have
been developed and hold a promising future for human genetics. Among them FISH is the
most currently diagnostic tool for the various chromosomal aberrations that can be visible in
karyotype analysis. The most tested chromosomes are 13, 18, 21, 22, X and Y that account
for 85% of chromosomal abnormalities (Rodrigo et al., 2010). But now, genetic scientists
have carried out all the approaches towards chromosome analysis. On the other hand, with
the high risk society is greatly interested to do pre pregnancy counselling to reduce the
heritable defective genes for the next generation. Therefore, use of karyotype analysis has
[Show More]