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ATI MED SURG STUDY GUIDE - Reliable Study Guide

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Fluids and electrolyte imbalance: ~8 questions ● Signs and symptoms of hypovolemia and dehydration vs. hypervolemia; sources of fluid loss and intake ○ Dehydration/ hypovolemia - Causes: any... thing that causes a loss of water/blood/fluid ■ Hemorrhage ■ Vomiting/Diarrhea ■ Burns ■ Fever ■ Long term NPO/unconsciousness ■ Profuse salivation ■ Fistulas ■ GI suction ■ Diabetes insipidus 1. Signs/symptoms: less blood, ■ BP decrease ■ Increase pulse rate ■ Orthostatic hypotension ■ Impaired motor function ■ Increased respirations ■ Increased body temp ● Every degree celsius increase above normal = additional 500 mL fluid loss ■ Neck veins distended in supine position ■ Change in mental status ■ Elevated H and H, protein, BUN: hemoconcentration ■ Urine gravity greater than 1.030 - Treatment: replace fluid ■ Oral fluid replacement ■ Slow IV infusion (crystalloid IVs) ■ Increase fluid intake ○ Fluid overload/ hypervolemia - Causes: ■ Late phase kidney failure ■ Long-term corticosteroid therapy ■ SIADH ■ Psychiatric disorders with polydipsia ■ Heart failure ■ Excessive fluid intake ■ High Na+ - Signs/ Symptoms: ■ Increase pulse rate: bounding pulse ■ Elevated BP ■ Increase Resp. Rate, shallow with crackles ■ Neuromuscular: alte [Show More]

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