EXAM 2 Questions Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function MULTIPLE CHOICE

EXAM 2 Questions Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Pricking one’s finger with a needle would cause minimal pain, whereas experiencing abdominal surgery would ...

EXAM 2 Questions Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Pricking one’s finger with a needle would cause minimal pain, whereas experiencing abdominal surgery would produce more pain. This distinction is an example of which pain theory? a. Gate control theory c. Specificity theory b. Intensity theory d. Pattern theory PTS: 1 REF: Page 485 2. Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain? a. GCT c. Specificity theory b. Pattern theory d. Neuromatrix theory PTS: 1 REF: Page 485 6. Which spinal tract carries the most nociceptive information? a. Archeospinothalamic c. Dorsal spinothalamic b. Paleospinothalamic d. Lateral spinothalamic PTS: 1 REF: Page 487 7. The major relay station of sensory information is located in the: a. Basal ganglia c. Thalamus b. Midbrain d. Hypothalamus PTS: 1 REF: Page 487 8. Where in the CNS does a person’s learned pain response occur? a. Cerebral cortex c. Thalamus b. Frontal lobe d. Limbic system PTS: 1 REF: Page 487 10. What part of the brain provides the emotional response to pain? a. Limbic system c. Thalamus b. Parietal lobe d. Hypothalamus PTS: 1 REF: Page 487 11. Which neurotransmitters inhibit pain in the medulla and pons? a. Norepinephrine and serotonin b. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and aspartate c. Glutamate and tumor necrosis factor–alpha d. Neurokinin A and nitric oxide PTS: 1 REF: Page 490 12. Which endogenous opioid is located in the hypothalamus and pituitary and is a strong -receptor agonist? a. Enkephalins c. Dynorphins b. Endorphins d. Endomorphins PTS: 1 REF: Page 491 13. What is the term that denotes the duration of time or the intensity of pain that a person will endure before outwardly responding? a. Tolerance c. Threshold b. Perception d. Dominance PTS: 1 REF: Page 491 14. Pain that warns of actual or impending tissue injury is referred to as what? a. Chronic c. Acute b. Psychogenic d. Phantom PTS: 1 REF: Pages 491-492 15. Which description characterizes visceral pain? m. PTS: 1 REF: Page 492 16. When caring for a person who has experienced pain for 3 days, anxiety is likely to produce which physical signs that a nurse would expect to find? a. Fever and muscle weakness or reports of fatigue b. Irritability and depression or reports of constipation c. Decreased blood pressure or reports of fatigue d. Increased heart rate and respiratory rate with diaphoresis PTS: 1 REF: Pages 491-492 17. Enkephalins and endorphins act to relieve pain by which process? a. Inhibiting cells in the substantia gelatinosa b. Stimulating the descending efferent nerve fibers c. Attaching to opiate receptor sites d. Blocking transduction of nociceptors PTS: 1 REF: Pages 490-491 19. How does the release (increase) of epinephrine raise body temperature? a. The release of epinephrine causes shivering. b. It affects muscle tone. c. It raises the metabolic rate. d. It increases and strengthens the heart rate. PTS: 1 REF: Page 496 22. Heat loss from the body via radiation occurs by: a. Emanations of electromagnetic waves b. Transfer of heat through currents of liquids or gas c. Dilation of blood vessels bringing blood to skin surfaces d. Direct heat loss from molecule-to-molecule transfer PTS: 1 REF: Page 497 23. Which cytokines are endogenous pyrogens? a. IL-3, IL-10, and IL-18 b. IL-2, IL-8, and IFN- c. IL-4, IL-12, colony-stimulating factor, and IFN- d. IL-1, IL-6, TNF-, and IFN- PTS: 1 REF: Page 498 24. Which hormones help diminish the febrile response? a. Arginine vasopressin (AVP), melanocyte-stimulating hormone-alpha (-MSH), and corticotropin-releasing factor b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone, and thyroxine (T4) c. Antidiuretic hormone, growth hormone, and aldosterone d. None; hormones only facilitate the increase of core body temperature. PTS: 1 REF: Page 498 25. Prolonged high environmental temperatures that produce dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia cause which disorder of temperature regulation? a. Heat cramps c. Malignant hyperthermia b. Heat stroke d. Heat exhaustion PTS: 1 REF: Page 500 29. The major sleep center is located in which section of the brain? a. Thalamus c. Frontal lobe b. Brainstem d. Hypothalamus . PTS: 1 REF: Pages 502-503 30. Which neuropeptide promotes wakefulness? a. Prostaglandin D2 c. Hypocretins b. L-tryptophan d. Growth factors PTS: 1 REF: Page 503 31. Which term is also used to refer to paradoxic sleep? a. Non-REM c. REM b. Light d. Delta wave PTS: 1 REF: Page 503 32. The sudden apparent arousal in which a child expresses intense fear or another strong emotion while still in a sleep state characterizes which sleep disorder? a. Night terrors c. Somnambulism b. Insomnia d. Enuresis PTS: 1 REF: Page 505 33. Coronary artery disease is most affected by which component of sleep? a. Non-REM c. REM b. Light d. Delta wave PTS: 1 REF: Page 506 34. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs in cycles approximately every: a. 45 minutes c. 120 minutes b. 90 minutes d. 150 minutes PTS: 1 REF: Page 503 35. Loud snoring, a decrease in oxygen saturation, fragmented sleep, chronic daytime sleepiness, and fatigue are clinical manifestations of which sleep disorder? a. Obstructive sleep apnea c. Somnambulism b. Upper airway resistance syndrome d. Narcolepsy PTS: 1 REF: Page 504 36. What are the expected changes in sleep patterns of older adults? a. Older adults experience difficulty falling asleep with less time spent in REM sleep. b. They experience sound sleep during the night with approximately 50% of the time r t PTS: 1 REF: Page 504 38. Open-angle glaucoma occurs because of: a. Decreased production of aqueous humor b. Increased production of vitreous humor c. Obstructed outflow of aqueous humor d. Excessive destruction of vitreous humor PTS: 1 REF: Page 511 | Table 16-5 39. How can glaucoma cause blindness? a. Infection of the cornea b. Pressure on the optic nerve c. Opacity of the lens d. Obstruction of the venous return from the retina . PTS: 1 REF: Pages 510-511 40. When comparing the effects of acute and chronic pain on an individual, chronic pain is more often: a. The external event that results in a sense of fear b. Viewed as being meaningful but undesirable c. A factor that contributes to depression d. A sense of internal unease PTS: 1 REF: Page 492 41. When considering the risk factors for the development of phantom limb pain, the nurse recognizes which as a primary contributing factor? a. Age, with adolescent patients being at a higher risk than adults b. Presence of pain in the limb before amputation c. Patient’s previous experience with managing pain d. Cultural views regarding the acceptance of pain PTS: 1 REF: Page 494 42. Based on an understanding of the physiologic process of nociceptors, the nurse expects which surgical procedure to create more pain? a. Repair of several crushed fingers b. External fixation of a dislocated shoulder c. Cyst removal on the internal surface of an ovary d. Repair of a ruptured spleen ............................................................................continued.................................................................................