BLG 10 Anatomy Final Exam Notes[ Ryerson University]

Document Content and Description Below

Anatomy Final Exam Notes Blood (Chapter 17) Functions of Blood 1. Distribution Delivery of O2 and nutrients Transport of metabolic waste and hormones 2. Regulation Maintain body temp Maintain ... normal pH (bicarbonate buffer) Maintain fluid balance 3. Protection Prevent blood loss Prevent infection Some immune functions Composition of Blood (Formed elements and plasma) 55% Plasma • 90% water • Contains various solutes including hormones, nutrients, gases, proteins etc.. ◦ Plasma proteins include albumin (important blood buffer), globulins and fibrinogens • Makes of 55% of whole blood 45% Erythrocytes (hematocrit) • Amiotic (full of haemoglobin, no room for nucleus) • Special characteristics that contribute to gas exchange ◦ Biconcave shape provides huge surface area for its small size and all of cell's cytoplasm is close to the surface ◦ Over 97% haemoglobin ◦ Generates ATP anaerobic and therefore does not consume any O2 • Each haemoglobin contains 2 alpha and 2 beta polypeptide chains and 4 heme groups, each heme contains a central iron molecule, each RBC contains 250 million haemoglobin • Haemoglobin is contained in erythrocyte in order to prevent it from increasing viscosity of blood and osmotic pressure • Erythropiesis ◦ All cells arise from a hemocytoblast in red marrow and permanently develop into a specific type of blood cell ◦ Erythropiesis: myeloid stem cell-> proerythroblast-> basophilic erythroblasts (produce huge amounts of ribosomes-> polychromatic erythroblast-> orthochromatic erythroblast (once all of its haemoglobin is aquired, organelles are ejected, nucleus degenerates and pinches off)-> reticulocyte (yo [Show More]

Last updated: 2 years ago

Preview 1 out of 46 pages