Anatomy Final Exam Notes
Blood (Chapter 17)
Functions of Blood
1. Distribution
Delivery of O2 and nutrients
Transport of metabolic waste and hormones
2. Regulation
Maintain body temp
Maintain normal pH (bicarbona
...
Anatomy Final Exam Notes
Blood (Chapter 17)
Functions of Blood
1. Distribution
Delivery of O2 and nutrients
Transport of metabolic waste and hormones
2. Regulation
Maintain body temp
Maintain normal pH (bicarbonate buffer)
Maintain fluid balance
3. Protection
Prevent blood loss
Prevent infection
Some immune functions
Composition of Blood (Formed elements and plasma)
55% Plasma
• 90% water
• Contains various solutes including hormones, nutrients, gases, proteins etc..
◦ Plasma proteins include albumin (important blood buffer), globulins and fibrinogens
• Makes of 55% of whole blood
45% Erythrocytes (hematocrit)
• Amiotic (full of haemoglobin, no room for nucleus)
• Special characteristics that contribute to gas exchange
◦ Biconcave shape provides huge surface area for its small size and all of cell's cytoplasm is
close to the surface
◦ Over 97% haemoglobin
◦ Generates ATP anaerobic and therefore does not consume any O2
• Each haemoglobin contains 2 alpha and 2 beta polypeptide chains and 4 heme groups, each
heme contains a central iron molecule, each RBC contains 250 million haemoglobin
• Haemoglobin is contained in erythrocyte in order to prevent it from increasing viscosity of
blood and osmotic pressure
• Erythropiesis
◦ All cells arise from a hemocytoblast in red marrow and permanently develop into a specific
type of blood cell
◦ Erythropiesis: myeloid stem cell-> proerythroblast-> basophilic erythroblasts (produce huge
amounts of ribosomes-> polychromatic erythroblast-> orthochromatic erythroblast (once all
of its haemoglobin is aquired, organelles are ejected, nucleus degenerates and pinches off)->
reticulocyte (yo
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