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NURS 8022 / NURS8022 Exam 4 Study Guide-2021

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Guide GI Basics of gastric secretion; what cells secrete what • Gastric juice composition depends on volume & flow rate. Secretion rate lower in AM, higher in PM. Higher K+ in gastric juices. �... �� Inc. gastric emptying – larger volumes of food • Delayed gastric emptying – solids, fats, non-isotonic solutions • Acid – hydrochloric acid (most important acid) o Dissolves food fibers o Bactericide against swallowed organisms o Stimulated by: ACTH, caffeine, Ca2+, gastrin, histamine o Inhibited by: prostaglandins, gastric inhibitory peptide, somatostatin, secretin o Coverts pepsinogen (enzyme) to Pepsin ▪ Pepsin breaks down Protein-forming polypeptides in stomach ▪ ACTH stimulates pepsin ▪ High pH (alkaline duodenum)  inactivates pepsin • Mucus – protective barrier o Prostaglandins & NO = protect mucosal barrier o Inflammation & ulcers caused by: Aspirin & NSAIDs, H. pylori, ethanol, regurgitated bile, ischemia – all break down protective barrier • Intrinsic factor – intestinal absorption of vit B12 in ileum o Combines w/ B12 in stomach o Pernicious anemia = stomach not absorbing B12 well/atrophic gastritis • Hormones – gastrin • Gastroferrin – helps small intestine absorb iron • Gastric pits – duct where glands empty • What cells secrete what: Gastric gland cells Secrete what Parietal cells Hydrochloric acid & intrinsic factor, gastroferrin ........................................................................................................................continued [Show More]

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