*NURSING > EXAM > Management of Patients with Intestinal and Rectal Disorders exam review notes LATEST FOR 2021/2022 (All)

Management of Patients with Intestinal and Rectal Disorders exam review notes LATEST FOR 2021/2022

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● Risk factors for GI disease: ○ fast-paced lifestyle ○ high stress ○ irregular eating habits ○ insufficient fiber and water ○ lack of daily exercise ○ mind and emotions ● Abnor maliti... es of Fecal Elimination ○ CONSTIPATION ■ Abnormal infrequency/irregularity of defecation, hardening of stools making passage difficult/painful, ↓ stool volume, retention of stool, sensation of abdominal fullness. ● Any variation from normal BM habits ● SYMPTOM, not disease ■ Causes - ● Meds (anticholinergics, antidepressants, antihypertensives, opioids, etc.) ● rectal/anal disorders (hemorrhoids, fissures) ● metabolic, neurologic, neuromuscular conditions (Parkinson’s, MS) ● endocrine disorders (hypothyroidism, pheochromocytoma) ● connective tissue disorders (scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus) ● colon disease (IBS, diverticular disease) ● chronic laxative use ● “perceived constipation” - pt’s BM pattern not consistent with what they consider normal ● immobility ● decreased muscle tone d/t aging ■ Pathophysiology - ● interference with one of 3 major functions of colon: ○ Mucosal transport ○ Myoelectric activity ○ Processes of defecation ■ S&S - ● <3 BM per week ● Abd distension, pain, pressure, straining stool, hard/dry/lumpy stools ● Rome criteria: s&s present at least 12 weeks of preceding 12 months ■ Assessment & Diagnosis - ● Pt Hx, physical exam [Show More]

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