SOPHIA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE - SOCIOLOGY 101 SOCIOLOGY FINAL MILESTONE EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS_A+ GUIDE.

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SOCIOLOGY FINAL MILESTONE 1 Magdalena works for a government licensing bureau that doesn't allow exceptions to its rules. Magdalena feels that uniform adherence to procedures is undermining the bur... eau's effectiveness and causing problems that it is currently experiencing. This scenario illustrates which of the following problems of bureaucracy? • Bureaucratic alienation • Bureaucratic inertia • Oligarchy • Bureaucratic ritualism CONCEPT Problems of Bureaucracy 2 When evaluating sources, it is important to look for evidence of __________, such as expertise and advanced degrees. • authority • information • biases • skills CONCEPT Evaluating Sources 3 __________ research emphasizes the need for the researcher to be as objective as possible. • Value-free research • Value-relevant research • Gynocentric • Verstehen CONCEPT Conducting Sociological Research 4 The tendency for people to behave in social settings as if they were actors in a play is called which of the following? • Ethnomethodology • Thomas Theorem • Looking-glass self • Dramaturgical analysis CONCEPT Goffman's Dramaturgical Analysis 5 Which of the following statements accurately reflects world systems theory? • Semi-peripheral countries exploit those on the periphery, and are not exploited by those at the core. • The core of the world economy consists of low-income nations that produce most of the world's goods. • Rich countries form the core of the world economy and economically exploit poor countries that are situated on the periphery. CONCEPT Capitalist World Economy 6 Gary says he is prejudiced because his father was prejudiced. He believes that prejudicial attitudes are part of our society and are passed from generation to generation. Gary's comments illustrate which of the following theories of prejudice? • Scapegoat theory • Culture theory • Authoritarian personality theory • Conflict theory CONCEPT Theories of Inequality in Race 7 Which of the following arguments is NOT made by supporters of multiculturalism? • It encourages understanding of one's cultural heritage. • It is a way of accepting society's increasing diversity. • It encourages divisiveness and racial separation. • None of the answer choices are correct. CONCEPT Multiculturalism 8 Which of the following was one of researcher Philip Zimbardo's key findings in the Stanford Prison Experiment? • Research does not have the potential to harm the physical and mental well-being of participants. • The personalities of individual guards and prisoners led to violence. • Violence was inevitable, and the prison institution had nothing to do with it. • The social conditions and structures in the prison led to violence. CONCEPT Informed Consent and the Stanford Prison Experiment 9 The I-PAT equation measures the impact of human activity on the environment. Why do small changes in one variable in the equation (e.g. technology, population, or affluence) have a big impact on the environment? • Changes in one variable may produce large impacts because all of the variables - affluence, technology, and population - are added together. • None of the answer choices are correct. • Changes in one variable may produce large impacts because all of the variables - affluence, technology, and population - are multiplied. • Changes in one variable may produce large impacts because all of the variables - affluence, technology, and population - are divided. CONCEPT Environmental Concepts 10 Alienation refers to feelings of helplessness and despondency that stem from a lack of control over one's life and resources. The theory of alienation in capitalist societies was advanced by which of the following sociologists? • Simon Kuznets • Max Weber • Karl Marx • Davis and Moore CONCEPT Marx and Class Conflict 11 The practice in which wealthy people use their influence to distance themselves from environmental hazards and move those hazards closer to minority groups is called __________ . • ecological prejudice • environmental racism • ecological bankruptcy • environmental externality CONCEPT Sociological Understanding of the Environment 12 Which of the following statements about total institutions is NOT true? • Resocialization occurs within total institutions. • Life is standardized and made uniform within total institutions. • All aspects of life are controlled within total institutions. • People within a total institution are never given rewards. CONCEPT Resocialization and Total Institutions 13 Shopping and consumer spending are an important part of the U.S. economy. A sociologist who takes the functional approach would note that shopping and consumer spending serve important functions in American society. When considering shopping malls, the functional approach would indicate that a manifest function of malls is to enable purchases of necessary goods (e.g., clothing and household items). Which of the following is an example of a social dysfunction of shopping malls? • Purchasing entertainment • Purchasing clothing and household items • Serving as a place for teens to get together • The development of "shopaholics" — people who go into debt due to over-spending. CONCEPT Structural Functionalism: Manifest and Latent Functions 14 After moving to a new school, Anthony wants to join a new group of friends. He notices that the people he sits with at lunch on the first day of class use words in ways that are new to him (e.g., they say "bad" to mean "good"). They also shake hands in a unique way. Trying to fit in, Anthony adopts these subcultural behaviors. Anthony attempts to learn the __________ of the group. • taboos • proscriptive norms • mores • folkways CONCEPT Norms 15 Bernie Madoff, a wealthy hedge fund manager, was convicted of defrauding investors in a pyramid scheme. Madoff was guilty of which of the following types of crime? • Blue collar crime • Organized crime • Corporate crime • White collar crime CONCEPT White Collar Crime and Organized Crime 16 A key function of __________ is to socialize children and share cultural values. • kinship • families • marriage • mass media CONCEPT Family: Basic Concepts 17 Amy analyzes recent trends in birth and death rates in low-income countries. This type of population study is called __________. • urban ecology • demography • globalization • a population pyramid CONCEPT Population Growth 18 According to conflict theory, why do high-status, white collar criminals sometimes receive special treatment, including less-severe sentences, than people of lower socioeconomic status? • None of the answer choices are correct. • The crimes they commit are not as violent or harmful to society. • They possess the resources necessary to avoid the deviant labels. • Most of them are celebrities. CONCEPT Conflict Theory and Deviance 19 Classmates Jenna and Damion discuss some of the topics that have come up in their sociology course. Jenna says, (A) "__________ is a problem in the United States, because there are too many people living in shelters and on the streets." Damion replies, "That's true, but the best way to deal with the problem is through trickle-down economics and (B) __________ — giving tax breaks to corporations so that they will create jobs." • (A) Homelessness, (B) individual welfare • (A) Relative poverty, (B) individual welfare • (A) Functional poverty, (B) corporate welfare • (A) Homelessness, (B) corporate welfare CONCEPT Poverty, Welfare and Power 20 Emma is researching how different statuses, inlcuding race and gender, overlap to impact overall socioeconomic status. Emma's research pertains to which of the following theories? • Race conflict theory • Feminist theory • Intersectionality theory • Structural-functional theory CONCEPT Gender and Gender Stratification 21 Which of the following is the second stage in the process of sociocultural evolution? • Horticulture and pastoralism • Industry • Hunting and gathering • Agriculture CONCEPT Lenski's Five Types of Society 22 The concept that describes a move away from many social institutions, rejection of many aspects of modernity, and the rise of consumer society is known as __________. • modern society • urban expansion • mass society • postmodernism CONCEPT Individuals and Modernity 23 A __________ is a small, informal religious group that is set apart from the dominant religious institutions in society. • fundamentalist • sect • cult • denomination CONCEPT Religious Organizations 24 Which of the following describes gender conflict theory? • Society places men and women in positions of equal power. • Society places men in positions of power over women. • Society places women in positions of power over men. CONCEPT Gender Conflict Theory 25 Which of the following is a correct pairing? • Homogamy Marriage between people who are different • Polygamy Marriage to one person at a time • Endogamy A marriage norm that requires group members to marry someone outside of the group • None of the answer choices are correct. CONCEPT [Show More]

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