NBME Sample Questions & Answers-Mitotic cyclin synthesis - G2 phase
Vitamin E def anemia - Hemolytic anemia~ red antioxidants vs B12 def (megaloblastic macrocytic anemia)
Hemolysis~ dec Hgb/hematocrit, inc LDH (norma
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NBME Sample Questions & Answers-Mitotic cyclin synthesis - G2 phase
Vitamin E def anemia - Hemolytic anemia~ red antioxidants vs B12 def (megaloblastic macrocytic anemia)
Hemolysis~ dec Hgb/hematocrit, inc LDH (normal MCV), and neurologic symptoms
vs B12 def: dec Hgb/hematocrit, inc MCV, and neurologic symptoms (dorsal column)
Volume of distribution - Vd = (amount of drug in the body) / (plasma drug concentration)
Achondroplasia - Endochondrial ossification dysfunction (inhibit chondrocyte proliferation)
TGF beta over expression - Fibroblast growth factor ~ keloid and hypertrophic scar development
Thyroglossal duct cyst - a palpable cystic midline mass (fill w/mucous) in the neck sub>supra hyoid bone ~incomplete closure of the thyroglossal duct lined by lymphoid and mucous cells
Connects tongue to thyroid gland developing: originates from tongue tissue
Doesn't close completely-> cyst (fill w/mucous)
-enlarge in infections, inc mucous, form thyroid cancer via ectopic thyroid tissue
Moves w/tongue mvmt
Immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) - Measurement in blood of newborn babies is an assay in rapidly increasing use as a screening test for cystic fibrosis
Positive~ CF (2 mutations- AR to cause CF phenotype)
Mullerian agenesis (Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome) vs androgen insensitivity - Both present w/blind vaginal pouch and absent 1st menstrual period
AI: XY w/absent hair development (inc tesoterone-> estrogen production and female characteristics) MIF still made in embryo, also may be very tall~ lack of androgen mediated growth plate closure
MA: XX w/NORMAL hair development
suspensory ligament of ovary - Ligament that contains ovarian vessels
-posterior to ligament~ ureter
Oophorectomy: divides suspensory ligament~ risk of ovarian vessel of ureter damage
Ureter: also runs behind the uterine artery (F) and vas deferens (M) near its entrance to the bladder
delirium tremens (DTs) - the dramatic physical and psychological effects of alcohol withdrawal
-> autonomic instability~ hypokalemia (catecholamine mediated intracellular shifts of K+ via inc Na/K+ ATPase activity)-> arrythmias
Beneficence - weighing risks and costs of procedure against the benefits of treat ment vs nonmaleficence: avoiding the causation of harm
Zellweger syndrome - Peroxisomal disease
can't metabolize very long chain FA (VLCFAs) or branched-chain FAs (e.g. phytanic acid, via alpha-oxidation)
Serum: high bilirubin, AST/ALT and VLFAs**
Can't form myelin in CNS.
Hypotonia, seizures, hepatomegaly, jaundice, MR, facial defects-look like jimmy neutron
Myositis ossificans - a condition in which bone forms in and replaces muscle tissue~Ca deposition as a result of trauma
Radiation therapy - treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation~ Free radical (OH-) formation ~ Xray or gamma
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