HESI Fundamentals of Nursing exam ALL VERSIONS COVERED 2021

Document Content and Description Below

HESI Fundamentals of Nursing exam ALL VERSIONS COVERED 2021 Which condition in the client indicates need of nursing care that supports homeostatic regulation? . Multiple selection question ... Damaged tissue Obstructed airway Poor nutritional status Restricted body movement Altered patterns of urinary elimination Correct Answer: Damaged tissue Obstructed airway Damaged tissue and an obstructed airway indicate that the client needs nursing care that supports homeostatic regulation[1][2] Poor nutritional status, restricted body movement, and altered patterns of urinary elimination indicate that the client is in need of care that supports physical functioning. According to Kohlberg's development of moral reasoning, at which phase of life would a child develop premoral orientation? Multiple choice question Preschool Adolescence Middle childhood Early childhood/toddler Correct Answer: Preschool The preschool stage, from 3 years up to 5 years, is characterized by development of premoral orientation according to the Kohlberg's stages of moral development. The adolescence period, called the postconventional level, involves development of social contract orientation. The middle childhood period, from the age of 6 to 12 years, is called the conventional level, and involves development of good boy-nice girl orientation. Toddlers are considered to be in the preconventional level, characterized by development of punishment-obedience orientation. A nurse preparing to apply restraints to a client should understand which of the following principles? Multiple choice question The law prohibits restraining clients until a written prescription is obtained. A felony charge may be leveled against nurses who use restraints improperly. Nurses are not obligated to report institutions that use restraints unlawfully. Charges of assault and battery may be leveled against nurses who use restraints improperly. Correct Answer: Charges of assault and battery may be leveled against nurses who use restraints improperly. Restraint of a client, whether physical or chemical, is considered a high-risk procedure requiring a valid primary healthcare provider's prescription and intensive monitoring for safety and meeting the client's needs. A nurse who does not follow correct procedures regarding restraints can legally be charged with assault and battery. Laws regarding restraint prescriptions may differ from state to state and in different settings. A felony is a severe offense or crime such as murder, rape, or burglary and is commonly punished by imprisonment. Nurses have a professional obligation to report institutional misuse of restraints, because this may constitute false imprisonment and abuse. What would be the behavioral characteristic of a slow-to-warm up child according to the theory related to temperament? Multiple choice question Highly active Irritable and irregular in habits Negative reaction to new stimuli A positive mild-to-moderately intense mood Correct Answer: Negative reaction to new stimuli A slow-to-warm up child may react negatively with mild intensity to any new stimuli or a change. A difficult child is highly active as well as irritable and irregular in habits. An easy child usually has a positive mild-to-moderately intense mood. A client requests information about the prescribed medication regimen. What is the best response by the nurse? Multiple choice question Give a computer printout about the medication to the client. Ask the client to state what is already known about the medication. Advise talking to the primary healthcare provider to seek information about the medication. Delegate the task of sharing information about the medication to the licensed practical nurse. Correct Answer: Ask the client to state what is already known about the medication. Assessing the client's knowledge to delineate baseline information should be done before planning appropriate health teaching. Providing written material without knowing the client's ability to read is inappropriate; also, it limits the nurse's personal involvement in the teaching process. Having the client talk with the healthcare provider avoids carrying out the nurse's responsibility to provide teaching about a prescribed medication regimen. Health teaching about medication is the responsibility of the registered professional nurse. A nurse takes into consideration that the key factor in accurately assessing how a client will cope with body image changes is what? Multiple choice question Suddenness of the change Obviousness of the change Extent of the change Perception of the change Correct Answer: Perception of the change It is not the reality of the change, but the client's feeling about the change, that is most important in determining a client's ability to cope. Although the suddenness, obviousness, and extent of the body change are relevant, they are not as significant as the client's perception of the change. Which critical thinking skill refers to the use of knowledge and experience to choose effective client care strategies? Multiple choice question Evaluation Explanation Interpretation Self-regulation Correct Answer: Explanation Explanation involves using knowledge and experience to choose strategies to use to care for clients. Evaluation is applicable when using criteria to determine the results of nursing actions. Interpretation is involved in the orderly collection of data. Self-regulation is applicable when the nurse identifies ways to improve his or her own performance. An adult child of a dying client says to the nurse in the nursing home, "I am so upset because my parent is always angry at me." What is the nurse's best initial response? Multiple choice question "Your parent is frightened by impending death." "Your parent is working through acceptance of the situation." "Your parent is attempting to reduce your need for dependency." "Your parent is hurt that you will not provide physical care at home." Correct Answer: "Your parent is working through acceptance of the situation." Understanding the stages leading to the acceptance of death may help the family member understand the client's moods and anger. The parent may not be frightened unless stated by the client; some clients welcome death as a release from pain. It is unlikely that the parent is attempting to reduce the family member's need for dependency; anger is one of the stages of accepting death. It is an assumption by the nurse that the parent is hurt that the family member will not provide physical care at home unless stated by the client. Which carative factor of Watson's transpersonal caring theory is reflected when the nurse practices loving kindness in practice? Multiple choice question Instilling faith-hope Forming a human-altruistic value system Cultivating sensitivity to one's self and others Promoting and expressing positive and negative feelings Correct Answer: Forming a human-altruistic value system A human-altruistic value system is formed in nursing practice by using loving kindness. The nurse should use self-disclosure appropriately to promote a therapeutic alliance with the client. The carative factor "instilling faith-hope" includes providing a connection with the client. It offers purpose and direction to the nurse-client relationship. While cultivating sensitivity to one's self and to others, the nurses should learn to accept him- or herself and others. For promoting and expressing positive and negative feelings, the nurse should accept and support the client's feelings. A nurse considers that communication links people with their surroundings. What should the nurse identify as the most important communication link? Multiple choice question Social Physical Materialistic Environmental Correct Answer: Social Without some form of communication, there can be no socialization. People interact with other social beings, not with inanimate objects. Physical, materialistic, and environmental surroundings are all inanimate and cannot interact. Which psychosocial health concern involves accepting descriptive statements stated by a confused older client? Multiple choice question Reminiscence Reality orientation Validation therapy Therapeutic communication Correct Answer: Validation therapy Validation therapy is the psychosocial concern involved in accepting the descriptive statements made by a confused older client. Reminiscence is recalling the past. Reality orientation involves helping a confused older client agree with the nurse's statements. Therapeutic communication enables the nurse to perceive and respect the older client's uniqueness and healthcare expectations. According to Kübler-Ross, during which stage of grieving are individuals with serious health problems most likely to seek other medical opinions? Multiple choice question Anger Denial Bargaining Depression Correct Answer: Denial Denial includes feelings that the healthcare provider has made a mistake, so the client seeks additional opinions. Anger follows denial; behavior will be hostile and critical. Bargaining occurs after anger; the client verbally or secretly may promise something in return for wellness or a prolonged life. Depression occurs after bargaining; the client feels sadness and despair and may be withdrawn. The nurse is assessing a client with arthritis. Which statement made by the client indicates a precipitating factor that is an intellectual standard for critical thinking? Multiple choice question "The pain is usually present in my fingers and knees." "I observed swelling and redness near the pain area." "I feel the pain in each and every joint of my hands and legs." "I run for 30 minutes every day; this exercise increases my pain." Correct Answer: "I run for 30 minutes every day; this exercise increases my pain." A precipitating factor is an activity or factor that worsens the symptoms. If running for 30 minutes each day increases the client's pain, this action is a precipitating factor. By saying, "The pain is usually present in my fingers and knees," the client is providing information about the location. Swelling and redness are concomitant symptoms of pain. The quality factor indicates the description of the symptom; this is exemplified by the statement, "I feel the pain in each and every joint of my hands and legs." When meeting the unique preoperative teaching needs of an older adult, the nurse plans a teaching program based on which principle about learning? Multiple choice question It reduces general anxiety. It is negatively affected by aging. It requires continued reinforcement. It necessitates readiness of the learner. Correct Answer: It requires continued reinforcement Neurologic aging causes forgetfulness and slower response time; repetition increases learning. The principle that learning reduces general anxiety is a general principle applicable to all learning. The older adult has no more difficulty learning than a younger person, although it may take longer. The principle that learning necessitates readiness of the learner is a general principle applicable to all learning. A nurse is assessing a middle-aged client whose children have left home in search of work. The client is trying to adjust to these family changes. Which family life-cycle stage is the client going through? Multiple choice question Family in later life Family with adolescents Unattached young adult Launching children and moving on Correct Answer: Launching children and moving on The client is adjusting to a reduction in family size after the adult children have left home in search of work. The client is going through the launching children and moving on stage of the family life-cycle stage. An individual going through the family in later life stage deals with retirement and the loss of a spouse, siblings, or other peers. The family in the adolescents stage of the family lifecycle involves establishing flexible boundaries to accommodate the growing child's independence. An individual experiencing the unattached young adult stage begins to differentiate themselves from his or her family of origin. The young adult establishes him or herself at work while the young adult's parents experience the launching children and moving on stage. A client has seeds containing radium implanted in the pharyngeal area. What should the nurse include in the client's plan of care? Multiple choice question Have the client void every 2 hours. Maintain the client in an isolation room. Spend time with the client to allow verbalization of feelings. Wear two pairs of gloves when touching the client during care. Correct Answer: Maintain the client in an isolation room. During radiation therapy with radium implants, the client is placed in isolation so that exposure to radiation by family and staff is decreased. Voiding every 2 hours is unnecessary; a full bladder will not disrupt the seeds. Excess exposure to radiation is hazardous to personnel. Gloves will not protect the nurse from radiation. Which standards would the nurse explain are important for critical thinking? Multiple selection question Specific Fairness Relevant Confidence Independence Correct Answer: Specific Relevant The standards important for critical thinking are specific and relevant knowledge about a task. Fairness, confidence, and independence are the attitudes required for critical thinking. A client with hypothermia is brought to the emergency department. What treatment does the nurse anticipate? [Show More]

Last updated: 2 years ago

Preview 1 out of 22 pages