Psychology 101 Chapter 1-4 Exam, Study guide Questions with accurate answers. Rate A+

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Psychology 101 Chapter 1-4 Exam, Study guide Questions with accurate answers. Rate A+ Psychology - ✔✔the scientific investigation of mental process and behavior Scientific Method - ✔✔s... ets of orderly steps used to analyze and solve problems Behavioral Perspective - ✔✔how behavior is learned or modified by environmental causes (NURTURE) Behavioral Data - ✔✔reports of observation about the behavior of organisms and the conditions under which the behavior occur Psychodynamic Perspective - ✔✔behavior is motivated by inherited instincts, biological drives, & attempts to resolve personal conflicts between personal need and society's demands Cognitive Perspective - ✔✔an approach that emphasizes mental process in perception, memory, language, problem solving and other areas of behavior Humanistic Perspective - ✔✔emphasizes the individual's inherent capacity for making rational choices and developing maximum potential Willhelm Wundt - ✔✔founding father of psychology Biological Perspective - ✔✔study of physical bases on behavior Behavior - ✔✔organisms that adjust to their environment Standardization - ✔✔using uniform, consistent, procedures in all phases of data collection Hypothesis - ✔✔tentative and testable statement about the relationship between causes and consequences Determinism - ✔✔the idea that all events are determined by specific casual factors (physical, mental, and behavioral) Theory - ✔✔organized set of concepts (used to formulate research) Sociocultural Perspective - ✔✔studies how an individual's behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures Ivan Pavlov - ✔✔Russian Physiologist Discovered classical conditioning behaviorism Operational Definition - ✔✔standardizes the meaning within an experiment, by defining a concept in terms of the specific operations or procedures used to measure it Independent Variable - ✔✔factor manipulated and will cause changes (casual part of the relationship) Dependent Variable - ✔✔factor affected by independent variable (what is being measured) Experimental Method - ✔✔research methodology that involves the manipulation of independent variables to determine their effects on the dependent variables Confounding Variable - ✔✔a variable that could produce effects that are confused, or confounded with the effects of the independent variable Double-blind Study - ✔✔a study in which both participants and researchers are blind to the status of participants Placebo Effect - ✔✔a phenomena in which an experimental manipulation produces an effect because participants believe it will produce an effect Control Group - ✔✔participants in an experiment who receive a relatively neutral condition to serve as a comparison group Population - ✔✔a group of people or animals of interest to a researcher from which a sample is drawn Sample - ✔✔a subgroup of a population likely to be representative of the population as a whole Random Sample - ✔✔a sample of participants selected from the population in a relatively arbitrary manner Correlation Coefficient - ✔✔an index of the extent to which two variables are related Reliability - ✔✔a measure's ability to produce consistent results Validity - ✔✔the extent to which a test measures the construct it attempts to assess or a study adequately addresses the hypothesis it attempts to assess Naturalistic Observation - ✔✔observation of phenomena in its natural setting advantage: natural environment disadvantage: no control Case Study - ✔✔in-depth observation of one subject of a small group of subjects Natural Selection - ✔✔the mechanism by which environmental forces select traits in organisms Genetics - ✔✔study of inheritance of physical and psychological traits from ancestors Heritability - ✔✔the extent to which individual differences in phenotype are determined by genetic factors, or genotype Sensory Neuron - ✔✔transmits information from sensory receptors to the brain Motor Neuron - ✔✔transmits commands from the brain to the glands or the muscles through the spinal chord Interneurons - ✔✔connect other neurons to each other (only found in the brain and spinal chord) Peripheral Nervous System - ✔✔consists of neurons that convey messages to and from CNS Function of Somatic Nervous System - ✔✔transmits sensory information to the central nervous system and carries out its motor commands Autonomic Nervous System - ✔✔conveys information to and from internal bodily structures that carry out basic life process (digestion and respiration) Sympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔- response to threats - fight or flight - increase in heart rate, dilates the pupils Parasympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔regulates heart rate and pupil size Dendrites - ✔✔receives information from other cells Cell Body - ✔✔contains the nucleus [Show More]

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