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Perfect study on bones

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long bones - longer than they are wide, with a thick compact bone exterior.. short bones - almost equal in length and width and contain a thick interior of spongy bone covered in a thin, veneer of compact bone.. flat bones - relatively flat, may be curved, contain a thin, spongy bone interior covered by a thin veneer of compact bone.. irregular bones - irregular shaped.. sesamoid bones - small bones that develop in tendons for protection against wear and tear. example, patella.. epiphyses - enlarged proximal and distal ends of long bones.. diaphysis - middle shaft area of long bones.. metaphyses - areas in an adult bone where the epiphyses contain a layer of hyaline cartilage called the epiphyseal line.. epiphyseal plate - growth plate, division of cartilage that allows bone to grow.. epiphyseal line - bone growth stops when the epiphyseal plate cartilage becomes ossified and forms this bony structure.. articular cartilage - composed of hyaline cartilage, covers both epiphyses.. periosteum - covers the bone, tough, connective tissue membrane.. medullary cavity - hollow center of the bony diaphysis.. endosteum - medullary cavity is lined with a connective tissue membrane called.. osteoblasts - found in periosteum and endosteum, builder.. osteoclasts - bone formation, bone tissue repair, bone remodeling, breaking.. yellow marrow - fatty substance found within the medullary cavity.. red marrow - found within the cavities of spongy bone and produces blood cells.. nutrient foramen - large artery that enters compact bone near the middle of the diaphysis.. compact (cortical) bone - composed of repeating units of osteons.. central (Haversian) canal - contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves that travel from the periosteum to the central canal through perforating (volkmann) canals.. periosteum - dense, regular connective tissue covering the bone surface.. perforating (Volkmann) canals - run horizontally in compact bone and connect with the central canal.. osteon - have concentric rings.. concentric lamellae - small plate or ring, look similar to the rings of a tree trunk cut in cross-section.. lacunae - found between concentric lamellae.. canaliculi - small channels that connect lunnae, allow nutrients from the blood vessels in the central canal to diffuse to the osteocytes embedded in the solid bone material.. osteocytes - mature bone cells that reside in the lacunae and extend through the canaliculi.. interstitial lamellae - fill in the spaces between the osteons.. spongy (cancellous or trabecular) bone - does not contain osteons but instead has trabeculae.. trabeculae - flat plates with a lattice-like network of thin, bony columns lined with endosteum, have lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes, and canaliculi.. parietal bone - superior lateral walls of cranial cavity, 2 of them.. temporal bone - inferior lateral walls of the cranial cavity, house organs of inner ear, 2 of them.. frontal bone - anterior portion of cranial cavity.. occipital bone - posterior wall of cranial cavity.. sphenoid - floor of cranial cavity, posterior to the Ethmoid, 1 of them..

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