long bones - longer than they are wide, with a thick compact bone exterior..
short bones - almost equal in length and width and contain a thick interior of spongy
bone covered in a thin, veneer of compact bone..
flat
...
long bones - longer than they are wide, with a thick compact bone exterior..
short bones - almost equal in length and width and contain a thick interior of spongy
bone covered in a thin, veneer of compact bone..
flat bones - relatively flat, may be curved, contain a thin, spongy bone interior
covered by a thin veneer of compact bone..
irregular bones - irregular shaped..
sesamoid bones - small bones that develop in tendons for protection against wear
and tear. example, patella..
epiphyses - enlarged proximal and distal ends of long bones..
diaphysis - middle shaft area of long bones..
metaphyses - areas in an adult bone where the epiphyses contain a layer of hyaline
cartilage called the epiphyseal line..
epiphyseal plate - growth plate, division of cartilage that allows bone to grow..
epiphyseal line - bone growth stops when the epiphyseal plate cartilage becomes
ossified and forms this bony structure..
articular cartilage - composed of hyaline cartilage, covers both epiphyses..
periosteum - covers the bone, tough, connective tissue membrane..
medullary cavity - hollow center of the bony diaphysis..
endosteum - medullary cavity is lined with a connective tissue membrane called..
osteoblasts - found in periosteum and endosteum, builder..
osteoclasts - bone formation, bone tissue repair, bone remodeling, breaking..
yellow marrow - fatty substance found within the medullary cavity..
red marrow - found within the cavities of spongy bone and produces blood cells..
nutrient foramen - large artery that enters compact bone near the middle of the
diaphysis..
compact (cortical) bone - composed of repeating units of osteons..
central (Haversian) canal - contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves that
travel from the periosteum to the central canal through perforating (volkmann)
canals..
periosteum - dense, regular connective tissue covering the bone surface..
perforating (Volkmann) canals - run horizontally in compact bone and connect with
the central canal..
osteon - have concentric rings..
concentric lamellae - small plate or ring, look similar to the rings of a tree trunk cut
in cross-section..
lacunae - found between concentric lamellae..
canaliculi - small channels that connect lunnae, allow nutrients from the blood
vessels in the central canal to diffuse to the osteocytes embedded in the solid bone
material..
osteocytes - mature bone cells that reside in the lacunae and extend through the
canaliculi..
interstitial lamellae - fill in the spaces between the osteons..
spongy (cancellous or trabecular) bone - does not contain osteons but instead has
trabeculae..
trabeculae - flat plates with a lattice-like network of thin, bony columns lined with
endosteum, have lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes, and canaliculi..
parietal bone - superior lateral walls of cranial cavity,
2 of them..
temporal bone - inferior lateral walls of the cranial cavity,
house organs of inner ear,
2 of them..
frontal bone - anterior portion of cranial cavity..
occipital bone - posterior wall of cranial cavity..
sphenoid - floor of cranial cavity, posterior to the Ethmoid,
1 of them..
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