NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Latest Update 2021

1. Question : What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra? Student A ...

1. Question : What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra? Student Answer: Encephalocele Meningocele Spina bifida occulta Myelomeningocele Instructor Explanation: Myelomeningocele is a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst containing meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord with its nerves through a defect in the posterior arch of a vertebra. The remaining options are not appropriate terms to identity the described condition. Points Received: 0 of 2 Comments: Question 2 . Question : What provides the best estimate of the functioning of renal tissue? Student Answer: Glomerular filtration rate Hourly urine output Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine The specific gravity of the solute concentration of the urine Instructor Explanation: The glomerular filtration rate provides the best estimate of the level of functioning of renal tissue. The other options are not used to assess renal tissue function. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 3 . Question : Where are Langerhans cells found? Student Answer: Skin Intestinal lining Kidney Thyroid Instructor Explanation: Of the available options, only the skin is the location for Langerhans cells. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 4 . Question : Where in the lung does gas exchange occur? Student Answer: Trachea Segmental bronchi Alveolocapillary membrane Main bronchus Instructor Explanation: Gas exchange occurs only across the alveolocapillary membrane. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 5 . Question : The tonic neck reflex observed in a newborn should no longer be obtainable by: Student Answer: 2 years 1 year 10 months 5 months Instructor Explanation: The tonic neck reflex should be unobtainable by 5 months of age. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 6 . Question : When renin is released, it is capable of which action? Student Answer: Inactivation of autoregulation Direct activation of angiotensin II Direct release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Formation of angiotensin I Instructor Explanation: When renin is released, it cleaves an -globulin (angiotensinogen produced by liver hepatocytes) in the plasma to form angiotensin I. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 7 . Question : The portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is referred to as what type of determinant? Student Answer: Immunotope Paratope Epitope Antigenitope Instructor Explanation: The precise portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is called its antigenic determinant or epitope. The other options are not used to identify this portion of the antigen. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 8 . Question : Which sexually transmitted infection frequently coexists with gonorrhea? Student Answer: Syphilis Herpes simplex virus Chlamydia Chancroid Instructor Explanation: The coexistence of chlamydial infection with gonorrhea frequently occurs. No coexistence exists with the other options. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 9 . Question : How is the effectiveness of vitamin B12 therapy measured? Student Answer: Reticulocyte count Serum transferring Hemoglobin Serum vitamin B12 Instructor Explanation: The effectiveness of cobalamin replacement therapy is determined by a rising reticulocyte count. The other options are not used as indicators of the effectiveness of vitamin B12 therapy Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 10 . Question : Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin? Student Answer: Blood vessels Epithelial cells Connective tissue Glandular tissue Instructor Explanation: Only cancers arising from epithelial cells are called carcinoma