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Exam 1 Study Guide

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Psychological dysfunction: Psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impairment in functioning that is not a typical or culturally expected response. Psychopathology: Scientific study o ... f psychological disorders. Incidence: Number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific time period. Recurrence: how often a client present with certain symptoms and functions of a psychological disorder Prevalence: Number of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time. Acute onset: overnight or sudden appearance of psychological symptoms Diagnosis: process of determining whether the presenting problem afflicting the individual meets all criteria for a psychological disorder from the DSM-5 Prognosis: predicted development of a disorder over time. Diathesis-stress model: that both an inherited tendency and specific stressful conditions are required to produce a disorder. Neurotransmitters: chemicals that crosses the synaptic cleft between nerve cells to transmit impulses from neuron to neuron. An excess or deficiency of them can be found in many disorders. Agonists: a chemical substance that effectively increases the activity of a neurotransmitter by imitating its effects. Antagonists: a chemical substance that decreases or blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter. Equifinality: a developmental psychologic view that a disorder may have more than one cause. Assessment: systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological and social factors in an individual presenting with a possible psychological disorder. Validity: degree to which a technique measures what it is designed to measure. Reliability: degree to which a measurement is consistent over time or among different groups. Clinical interview: it gathers information on current and past behaviors, attitudes and emotions as well as a detailed history of the individual’s life in general and of the presenting problem. The easiest way to get accurate clinical information. Projective tests: psychoanalytically based measurements that present ambiguous stimuli to clients on the assumption that their response can reveal unconscious conflict. They lack reliability and validity and promote more idiographic data. clinical [Show More]

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